Normal Gait

Question 1

defined as the manner in which you move from place to place with your feet

Answer 1

Walking

Question 2

Gait is the process or components

Answer 2

walking

Question 3

To analyze gait, you must determine ?

Answer 3

which motions occur at which joints

Question 4

also called stride, it is the activity that occurs between the time one foot touches the floor and the time the same foot touches the floor again

Answer 4

Gait cycle

Question 5

the distance traveled during the gait cycle

Answer 5

Stride length

Question 6

one half of a stride

Answer 6

Step

Question 7

the distance between heel strike of one foot and heel strike of the other foot. (Should be equal between each foot)

Answer 7

Step length

Question 8

walking speed or the number of steps taken per minute

Answer 8

Cadence

Question 9

A Slow is considered around_____steps per minute

Answer 9

70

Question 10

Fast is considered around _____ steps per minute

• Race and mall walkers walk considerably faster

Answer 10

130

Question 11

fyi

Regardless of speed, the gait cycle is the same, that is all parts occur in their proper place at the proper time

Answer 11

fyi

Question 12

There are ONLY two phases of gait: what are they?

Answer 12

Swing and Stance phase

Question 13

• the activity that occurs when the foot is in contact with the ground
• Begins with heel strike of one foot and ends when that foot leaves the ground
• Accounts for 60% of the gait cycle

Answer 13

Stance phase

Question 14

• occurs when the foot is not in contact with the ground
• Begins when the foot leaves the floor and ends when the heel of the same foot touches the floor
• Accounts for 40% of the gait cycle

Answer 14

Swing phase

Question 15

Three tasks need to be accomplished during the gait cycle

Answer 15

1. Weight acceptance
2. Single leg support
3. Leg advancement

Question 16

• Occurs at the very beginning of stance phase when the foot touches the ground and the body weight begins to be shifted onto that leg
  
  • Initial contact (Rancho Los Amigos terminology)

Answer 16

Weight Acceptance

Question 17

Occurs next as the body weight shifts completely onto the stance leg so that the opposite leg can swing forward

Answer 17

Single Leg Support

• Loading response
• Midstance
• Terminal stance
• Preswing

Question 18

Occurs during swing phase

Answer 18

Leg Advancement

• Initial swing
• Midswing
• Terminal swing

Question 19

Each gait cycle has two periods of _______ support and two periods of ________ support

Answer 19

• double
• single

Question 20

When both feet are in contact with the ground, this is a period of ?

• When one leg is beginning stance phase and the other one is ending stance phase (there are two of these periods)

Answer 20

double support

Question 21

Each period of double support will take up about ___%of the gait cycle (_____%all together)

Answer 21

10%

20%

Question 22

If you increase your walking speed, you spend less time or more time in double support?

Answer 22

less time

Question 23

• Occurs when neither foot is on the ground
• this period is the biggest difference between these two activities

Answer 23

Nonsupport Period

Question 24

• Occurs when only one foot is in contact with the ground
• Two periods of this support occurs in a gait cycle

Answer 24

Single Support

Question 25

Two periods of single support occur in a gait cycle?

Answer 25

* Once when the R foot is on the ground and once when the L foot is on the ground (the opposite foot will be in swing phase) * Each single support phase takes up about 40% of the gait cycle

Question 26

Traditional vs. Ranchos Los Amigos 
should be interchangable **traditional ** 1. Heel strike 2. Foot flat 3. Midstance 4. Heel – Off 5. Toe – Off 6. Acceleration 7. Midswing 8. Deceleration

Answer 26

**Ranchos Los Amigos** 1. Initial contact 2. Loading response 3. Midstance 4. Terminal stance 5. Preswing 6. Initial swing 7. Midswing 8. Terminal Swing

Question 27

1. Traditional = describes ? 2. Rancho = describes? Most have a beginning point and an end point (Table 22-1)

Answer 27

1. points in time 2. periods of time

Question 28

Stance Phase: Traditional **Heel strike** – heel contacts the ground **Foot flat** – Plantar surface of the foot in contact with the ground Compare to RLA

Answer 28

RLA Loading Response – * **Beginning** – just after IC when the body weight is being transferred onto the leg and entire foot makes contact with the ground * **Ending** – opposite foot leaves the ground

Question 29

Stance Phase Traditional **Midstance** – point at which the body passes over the weight bearing leg **Heel Off** – heel leaves the ground while the ball of the foot and toes remain in contact with the ground Compare to RLA

Answer 29

Stance Phase RLA **Midstance** – Beginning – opposite foot leaves the ground Ending – body is directly over the weight bearing limb **Terminal Stance** – Beginning – as the heel of the weight bearing leg rises Ending – IC of the opposite foot and the body has moved in front of the weight bearing leg

Question 30

Stance Phase Traditional **Toe Off** – Toes leave the ground, ending stance phase compare to RLA

Answer 30

Stance Phase RLA Preswing – **Beginning** – initial contact and weight shifted onto the opposite leg **Ending** – just before the toes of weight bearing leg leave the ground

Question 31

Swing Phase Traditional **Acceleration** – the swing leg begins to move forward compare to RLA

Answer 31

RLA ## Footnote * *_Initial Swing –_** * *Beginning** – the toes leave the ground * *Ending** – the swing foot is opposite the weight bearing foot and the knee is in maximum flexion

Question 32

Swing Phase Traditional **Midswing** – the swing (non weight bearing) leg is directly under the body compare to RLA

Answer 32

RLA ## Footnote **_Midswing –_ Beginning**– the swing foot is opposite the weight bearing foot **Ending** – the swing leg has moved in front of the body and the tibia is in a vertical position

Question 33

Swing Phase Traditional **Deceleration** – The leg is slowing down in preparation for heel strike compare to RLA

Answer 33

RLA ## Footnote **_Terminal Swing –_ Beginning**– the tibia is in a vertical position **Ending** – just prior to initial contact

Question 34

Initial Contact / Heel Strike

Answer 34

* Stance phase begins * Task of weight acceptance begins * Double leg support begins * Body at lowest point in gait cycle * Head and trunk upright * Ankle neutral * Knee extended * Hip flexed 25 degrees * Leg in front of the body * Pelvis is rotated forward, ipsilateral side * Ipsilateral arm is back, contralateral arm is forward

Question 35

Loading Response / Foot Flat

Answer 35

* Weight shift onto stance leg continues * Double leg support ends * Ankle plantarflexes (eccentric contraction of dorsiflexors) putting foot on the ground to 15 degrees * Knee partially flexed absorbing shock at 20 degrees * Hip moving into extension * Body catching up with the leg * Ipsilateral arm swinging forward

Question 36

Midstance / Midstance

Answer 36

* Body at highest point in the cycle * Single leg support begins * Ankle slightly dorsiflexed * Knee and hip continue extending * Body passes over right foot * Pelvis in neutral position * Both arms are parallel with the body

Question 37

Terminal Stance / Heel - Off

Answer 37

* Body moves ahead of foot * Single leg support ends * Ankle slightly dorsiflexed, then begins plantarflexion * Knee extending then beginning slight flexion * Hip hyperextending * Body ahead of stance leg * Pelvis is rotating back – ipsilateral side * Ipsilateral arm swinging forward

Question 38

Preswing / Toe - Off

Answer 38

* Task of leg advancement begins * Double leg support begins and ends * Ankle is plantarflexed 10 degrees * Knee and hip are flexing * Lateral pelvic tilt on right side * Ipsilateral arm forward

Question 39

Initial swing / Acceleration

Answer 39

* Swing phase begins (non weight bearing) * Single leg support begins on contralateral side * Ankle begins to dorsiflex * Knee and hip continue flexing * Leg is behind body but moving forward * Pelvis beginning to rotate forward * Ipsilateral arm swinging backwards

Question 40

Midswing / Midswing

Answer 40

* Leg shortens to clear the floor * Single leg support on contralateral side continues * Ankle dorsiflexed * Knee at maximum flexion of 65 degrees and begins to extend * Hip at maximum flexion of 25 degrees * Leg passing under and moving in front of body * Pelvis in neutral position * Arms parallel with body and moving in opposite directions

Question 41

Terminal Swing / Deceleration

Answer 41

* Leg advancement task ends * Single support ends * Ankle continuing in dorsiflexion * Knee extended * Hip flexed * Leg ahead of the body * Pelvis rotated forward – ipsilateral side * Ipsilateral arm back, contralateral arm forward

Question 42

A Physical Therapist Assistant is treating a patient with a 15 degree knee flexion contracture. Which of the following would the Physical Therapist Assistant NOT expect to see during gait training? * Excessive dorsiflexion * Shortened step length of the unaffected side * Shortened step length of the affected side * Early heel rise during pushoff