Posture

Question 1

the position of your body parts in relation to each other at any given time

Answer 1

Posture

Question 2

• Standing still
• As the body moves from one spot to another

how are these referred to?

Answer 2

It can be both static and dynamic

Question 3

• Think of your spine and body as blocks
• If you start building blocks one on top of another, the column would remain stable
• However – build them off center and they will ONLY stay stable if…?

Answer 3

the block on top of the other block remains within the base of support

Question 4

In the human body, each joint involved in _______-_______ can be considered a postural segment

Answer 4

weight-bearing

Question 5

In what situations are the lower extremities postural segments

Answer 5

push up or all fours

Question 6

• The spinal alignment is not completely straight but has a series of counterbalancing_______-________ curves
• The curves must be maintained at rest and during activity
• Act as ______ ______and reduce the amount of injury

Answer 6

1. anterior-posterior
2. shock absorbers

Question 7

The cervical and lumbar curves are _______ ________and counter the thoracic and sacral convex curves posteriorly

Answer 7

concave posteriorly

Question 8

• Remember, a curve has 2 sides to it, _______ and ________
• Determine which side you are looking at before describing the curve

Answer 8

concave and convex

Question 9

When one or more curves in the spine change, what are the results?

Answer 9

poor posture results

Question 10

increased lumbar curve

Answer 10

Sway back

Question 11

decreased thoracic or lumbar curve

Answer 11

Flat back

Question 12

• increased posterior thoracic curve
• In the majority of cases, if you have an increased lumbar curve, you have an increased thoracic curve

Answer 12

Kyphosis ( hunchback)

Question 13

any lateral curvature in the spine

Answer 13

Scoliosis

Question 14

where are the primary curves of the spine?

Answer 14

The thoracic and sacral curves

Question 15

secondary curves are what part of spine?

Answer 15

cervical and lumbar regions

Question 16

The pelvis should be neutral
ASIS and PSIS are level with each other in what plane

Answer 16

transverse

Question 17

The pelvis should be neutral

ASIS and the symphysis pubis are in the same what plane?

Answer 17

vertical

Question 18

When the the pelvis is_______, the lumbar curve has the appropriate amount of curvature

Answer 18

neutral

Question 19

When the pelvis is tilted anteriorly, there is an increased amount of lumbar ?

Answer 19

curvature or lordosis

Question 20

When the pelvis is tilted posteriorly, there is a decreased amount of ?

Answer 20

lumbar curvature or flat back

Question 21

What is the force couple that controls the pelvis laterally?

Answer 21

one side glut medius and minimus/ other side erecter spinae and QL

Question 22

During walking, the pelvis dips from side to side as weight is shifted from ?

Answer 22

stance to swing phase

Question 23

With weight evenly distributed on both legs, the pelvis should remain level from side to side with both_______ being at the same level

Answer 23

ASIS

Question 24

• An abnormal lateral pelvic tilt can occur if both legs are not of equal length
• what should you Check for if you see the pelvis not being level

Answer 24

leg length discrepancy

Question 25

A Leg length discrepancy can cause what in the spine.

Answer 25

scoliosis

Question 26

Muscle contractions are primarily responsible for keeping the body in the upright position in both static and dynamic positions Primary (most involved) antigravity mms are the?

Answer 26

Hip and knee extensors Trunk and neck extensors

Question 27

Muscle contractions are primarily responsible for keeping the body in the upright position in both static and dynamic positions Secondary antigravity mms are what?

Answer 27

* Trunk and neck flexors * Lateral benders * Hip abductors/adductors * Ankle pronators/supinators

Question 28

If all of your muscles were to relax, your whole body would?

Answer 28

collapse

Question 29

Ankle plantarflexors/dorsiflexors are important in controlling?

Answer 29

postural sway

Question 30

An anterior-posterior motion of the upright body caused by motion occurring primarily at the?

Answer 30

ankles

Question 31

constant displacement and correction of the center of gravity within the base of support 1. Sway forward, what muscle are involved? 2. Sway backward,what muscle are involved?

Answer 31

1. plantarflexors kick in to control 2. dorsiflexors kick in to control

Question 32

constant displacement and correction of the center of gravity within the base of support Sway backward, what muscle are involved?

Answer 32

dorsiflexors kick in to control

Question 33

A high center of gravity and small base of support tend to increase or decrease the amount of postural sway?

Answer 33

increase

Question 34

A low center of gravity and a wider base of support will tend to increase or decrease the amount of postural sway?

Answer 34

decrease

Question 35

Good Posture = Good alignment how is this good for the body?

Answer 35

* Decreases the amount of stress placed on bones, ligaments, muscles and tendons * Improves function and decreases the amount of muscular energy needed to keep the body upright

Question 36

how does proper posture Improve function and how does it decrease the amount of muscular energy needed to keep the body upright?

Answer 36

* If the knee is in full extension, less muscle contraction is needed to keep the knee from buckling * When the knee is slightly bent, more muscles must contract * Muscles at the hip and ankle must work harder to contract and keep the body’s COG over the BOS

Question 37

how can you Describe Posture?

Answer 37

* Easier to describe in a static position because except for a slight amount of sway, the body is not moving * Many of the guidelines for static posture can be applied to dynamic posture * Many times, posture is assessed with the use of a plumb line

Question 38

Posture is typically measured using a? A string, hung from the ceiling with a weight on the bottom making a perfect vertical line of gravity

Answer 38

plumb line

Question 39

* The plumb line should be aligned so it passes slightly in front of the lateral malleolus * For ideal posture, the plumb line should pass through what landmarks?

Answer 39

1. Earlobe 2. Tip of the acromion process 3. Anterior to the thoracic vertebral bodies 4. Through the lumbar vertebral bodies 5. Level with the pelvis 6. Through the greater trochanter of the hip (slightly posterior to the hip joint) 7. Slightly posterior to the patella with the knees in extension 8. Slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus with the ankle joint in neutral position between dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 40

Standing position viewed from the anterior position, the plumb line should be aligned to pass through the midsagittal plane of the body, thus dividing the body into 2 equal halves Segments to look at:

Answer 40

1. Head should be extended, not flexed or hyperextended 2. Shoulders should be level, not elevated or depressed 3. Sternum should be centered in the midline 4. Hips should be level with both ASIS’ in the same plane 5. Legs should be slightly apart 6. Knees should be level and not bowed or knock-kneed 7. Ankles should have normal arches in the feet 8. Feet should have a slightly outward toeing

Question 41

When looking from the posterior, the plumb line should be aligned to pass through the midsagittal plane dividing the body into two equal halves Look at the following segments as follows:

Answer 41

1. Head should be extended not flexed, hyperextended 2. Shoulders should be level and not elevated or depressed 3. Spinous processes should be centered in the midline 4. Hips should be level with both PSIS’ in the same plane 5. Legs should be slightly apart 6. Knees should be level and not bowed or knock-kneed 7. Calcaneous should be straight

Question 42

Good postural alignment when sitting is important because sitting can place a great deal of stress on the ?

Answer 42

intervetebral disks

Question 43

Disk pressure in sitting increases by slightly less than \_\_\_\_\_of the amount of disk pressure in the standing position

Answer 43

half

Question 44

Shifting weight to the front of the vertebrae will increase or decrease the amount of pressure on the disks?

Answer 44

increase

Question 45

As a person leans forward, disk pressure increases or decreases?

Answer 45

increases

Question 46

As a person reaches and/or picks up a weight, disk pressure farther increases or decreases as the weight and/or lever arm increases

Answer 46

increases

Question 47

Disk pressure is least when ?, it increases as you stand and increases more when you?

Answer 47

1. lying supine 2. sit

Question 48

Lumbar Curvature in Sitting: If the lumbar curve is decreased (such as in sitting) with the back unsupported, the pressure in the intervertebral disks and posterior structures increases or decreases?

Answer 48

increases

Question 49

what muscle is the problem if you see winged scapulae?

Answer 49

serratus anterior

Question 50

A chair with the seat inclined anteriorly, such as a kneeling stool, can increase or decrease disk pressure by tilting the pelvis forward slightly? How does this help?

Answer 50

decrease * Helps to maintain the lumbar curve * However, since the back is unsupported, there is more muscular activity needed to keep the body upright

Question 51

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