Biology > Nucleic acids > Flashcards

Nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is gene expression?

A

DNA—->RNA——>Protein

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2
Q

Types of nucleic acids

A

1)Deoxyribose nucleic acid
2)Ribose nucleic acid

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3
Q

Monomer of nucleic acid is

A

nucleotide

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4
Q

Function of DNA

A

stores genetic information

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5
Q

Nucleotide contains _____ ,______ and ______

A

Pentose sugar
Nitrogen base
Phosphate gp

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6
Q

How polynucleotide are formed?

A

by joining sugar(3’C) to phosphate (5’C) of two nucleotides

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7
Q

Bonds in polynucleotide and is formed by _____ reaction

A

Phosphodiester bond (one phosphate gp linked sugars of two nucleotide )

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8
Q

Types of nitrogenous base

A

Purine base
1)Adenine
2)Guanine

Pyrimidine base
1)Cytosine
2)Thymine
3)Uracil

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9
Q

When a nucleotide loses phosphate gps,it becomes _____

A

nucleoside(sugar+base)

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10
Q

Structure of pyrimidine

A

one six membered ring (of carbon & nitrogen)

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11
Q

Structure of Purine

A

Six membered ring fused to five membered ring

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12
Q

Which is larger? Purine or pyrimidine?

A

Purine

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13
Q

Which is larger?Purine or pyrimidine?

A

Purine

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14
Q

DNA nucleotide contains

A

1)Deoxyribose sugar
2)Nitrogenous base (A,G,C,T)
3)3 Phosphate gp

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15
Q

RNA nucleotide contains

A

1)ribose sugar
2)nitrogenous base (A,G,C,U)
3)3 Phosphate gp

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16
Q

Why DNA strand is called 5’ 3’ strand?

A

b/c phosphodiester bond is formed between phosphate gp of 3’carbon and sugar gp of 5’carbon

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17
Q

Phosphate gp is attached to nucleoside by _____ end

A

5’

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18
Q

DNA is single or double strand?

A

double strand

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19
Q

Two strands of DNA nucleotides are joined by _____ bond between ______

A

hydrogen

nitrogenous base

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20
Q

Why DNA strands are called antiparallel?

A

1st strand of DNA is 5’ 3’ and 2nd strand is 3’5’

The nitrogenous base are complementary to each other

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21
Q

In DNA,Adenine is joined to ______

A

Thymine (2 hydrogen bond)

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22
Q

In DNA,Guanine is joined to ____

A

cytosine (3 hydrogen bond)

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23
Q

In DNA helix, ____ are outside and ____ are inside

A

sugar phosphate backbone outside

nitrogenous base inside

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24
Q

What is difference b/w sugar of DNA and RNA?

A

DNA-deoxyribose sugar
RNA-ribose sugar

In RNA , OH gp is present in 2nd carbon

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25
In RNA,Adenine is joined to ____
uracil instead of thymine (2 hydrogen bond) There is no thymine in RNA
26
In RNA,cytosine is joined to ____
guanine (3 hydrogen bond)
27
Types of RNA
1)messenger RNA -mRNA 2)ribosomal RNA-rRNA 3)transfer RNA- tRNA
28
All of the RNA are synthesized in ____ & and functions in _____
nucleus (rRNA-nucleolus) cytoplasm
29
In eukaryote,one mRNA is coded for one protein. True or false?
True
30
In prokaryotes,one mRNA is coded for one protein. True or false?
False one mRNA is coded for different proteins
31
Function of mRNA
protein synthesis (DNA transcribes genetic information into mRNA which is leaves by nuclear pores)
32
Function of rRNA
binds with protein to form RIBOSOME
33
Function of tRNA
carried genes from codon to ribosome
34
Nucleic acid
Polymers or macromolecules
35
Nucleic acid are made up of
Monomers called nucleotides
36
Function of nucleotide
store,transmit & help express genetic information
37
What is the difference b/w ribose sugar and deoxyribose sugar?
Differ in 2’ carbon In DNA,No OH gp in 2’ carbon In RNA,OH gp is present
38
What are purine base?
Adenine Guanine
39
What are pyrimidine base?
Thymine Cytosine Uracil
40
Pyrimidine base only contains in DNA
Thymine
41
Pyrimidine base only contains in RNA
Uracil
42
Nucleoside contains
Nitrogenous base + sugar
43
Nucleotide contain
Sugar+Base+Nucleoside
44
Bonds in one nucleotide
N glycosidic bond (Bond b/w sugar and base) Ester bond (Bond b/w sugar and phosphate)
45
The sugar and base of a nucleotide is joined by_____.
N-glycosidic bond
46
The phosphate gp and base of a nucleotide is joined by_____.
Ester bond
47
Monomer of DNA is also known as
Deoxyribosenucleotide or Deoxyribosenucleoside triphosphate
48
Monomer of RNA is also known as
Ribosenucleotide or Ribosenucleoside triphosphate
49
Only pyrimidine base found only in DNA
Thymine
50
Only pyrimidine base found only in RNA
Uracil
51
Nucleotide contain
Base+Sugar+Phosphate gp
52
Nucleoside contain
Base+Sugar
53
Bonds include in a nucleotide
1)N-glycosidic bond (Bond b/w sugar and base) 2)Ester bond (Bond b/w sugar and phosphate)
54
Sugar and nitrogenous base of a nucleotide is joined by ______.
N-glycosidic bond (Carbon of sugar is connected to Nitrogen of base)
55
Sugar and Phosphate of a nucleotide is joined by ______.
Ester bond (acid and alcoholပေါင်းလို့ဖြစ်) H3PO4 and CH2OH from base
56
Monomer of DNA is also known as
Deoxyribosenucleotide or Deoxyribosenucleoside triphosphate
57
Monomer of RNA is also known as
Ribosenucleotide or Ribosenucleoside triphosphate
58
Nucleotides are called differently by their nitrogenous base.True or False?
True dATP (Adenine) dCTP (Cytosine) dTTP (Thymine) dGTP (Guanine)
59
At free state,nucleotide contain____.phosphate gp.
3 phosphate gp
60
After polymarization,nucleotide loses its _____.
2 phosphate gp or pyrophosphate
61
How many water molecule is released when one phosphodiester bond is formed?
1 water molecule is released
62
Bonds in polynucleotide is formed by _____ reaction
Comdensation or dehydration or polymerization
63
______ end is always at the top of the polynucleotide.
5’ end
64
Which end does the new nucleotide bound to polynucleotide?
Always at the 3’end
65
5’end of polynucleotide have _____.
Free phosphate gp
66
3’end of polynucleotide have _____.
OH gp of sugar
67
Special about 1’ carbon of a nucleotide
1’carbon -binds to its nitrogenous base
68
Special about 2’ carbon of a nucleotide
Difference b/w RNA and DNA (OH gp pr m pr)
69
Special about 3’ carbon of a nucleotide
3’carbon joins to the phosphate gp of next nucleotide (Phosphodiester bond formation)
70
Special about 5’ carbon of a nucleotide
5’carbon joins to its own phosphate gp
71
In DNA,the nitrogenous base of two strands are joined by_____.
Hydrogen bond
72
Struture of mRNA
Methylated cap Poly-A tail
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