objective 10.2 NO

Question 1

can be transmitted directly or
indirectly

Answer 1

communicable disorders

Question 2

why are children at increased risk for communicable disorders?

Answer 2

Frequent hands to
mouth = direct
transmission
Sharing & using
objects (indirect)
Lacking immunity
resistance (natural &
acquired)

Question 3

what is the chain of infection?

Answer 3

causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portable of entry
susceptible host

Question 4

bacteria, virus, fungus

Answer 4

causative agent

Question 5

place supporting growth of organisms

Answer 5

reservoir

Question 6

how organisms exit body

Answer 6

portal of exit

Question 7

air, contact, droplet

Answer 7

mode of transmission

Question 8

how organisms enter body

Answer 8

portable of entry

Question 9

the human body

Answer 9

susceptible host

Question 10

Time between exposure to pathogen and onset of clinical
symptoms

Answer 10

incubation period

Question 11

Time between earliest symptom and appearance of typical
rash or fever
Time when it is critical to avoid contact with susceptible hosts

Answer 11

contagious

Question 12

an insect or animal that carries and spreads disease

Answer 12

vector

Question 13

a worldwide high incidence of a communicable disease

Answer 13

pandemic

Question 14

sudden increase of disease in localized area

Answer 14

epidemic

Question 15

an expected continuous incidence of disease in a localized area

Answer 15

endemic

Question 16

caused by organism normally present in the environment
that the immune-suppressed person cannot fight

Answer 16

opportunistic infection

Question 17

an infection acquired after admission to a health care facility

Answer 17

health-care associated infection

Question 18

transmitted by contact
with an infected person

Answer 18

direct

Question 19

• Indirect—transmitted by contact
  with objects that have been
  contaminated by an infected
  person (fomites)

Answer 19

indirect

Question 20

• Use of a mask and cover gown when the
  patient with a disease, such as pertussis
  or influenza, coughs or sneezes
• Droplets from coughing or sneezing can
  contaminate the surrounding
  environment up to 3 feet around
  the patient
• Droplets do not stay suspended in the air;
  they immediately “fall”

Answer 20

droplet precautions

Question 21

• When airborne particles float in the air
  and contaminate anything within the room
• Particles can remain airborne for several hours
• Used for conditions such as TB and Varicella
• Use of negative-pressure room and an
  N95 particulate respirator mask is required
  whenever in the room with the patient

Answer 21

airborne precautions

Question 22

• When contamination is likely to occur
  skin to skin or through contact with a
  contaminated fomite
• Used in conditions such as RSV, MRSA,
  or VRE infections
• Disposable gloves should be worn in the
  event that something occurs that
  causes blood or body fluid exposure

Answer 22

contact precautions

Question 23

what are the types of immunity

Answer 23

natural
acquired
active immunity
passive immunity

Question 24

resistance is inborn

Answer 24

natural

Question 25

not born with it; as a result of having disease or receiving vaccines or immune serum

Answer 25

acquired

Question 26

when a person produces his or her own immunity

Answer 26

active immunity

Question 27

provides the antibody to the person; does not last as long

Answer 27

passive immunity

Question 28

what are examples of communicable diseases?

Answer 28

SARS Covid 19 Varicella Fifth Disease Pertussis Mumps Measles

Question 29

* Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome * S/S: Cough, SOB, ache, sore throat, diarrhea * Cause unknown, Viral * Type of coronavirus * Not contagious until symptoms develop * Incubation: up to 10 days * Treatment: no vaccine or cure; supportive * Spread through close contact with someone who is infected and resp secretions and bodily fluids

Answer 29

SARS

Question 30

what are the symptoms of covid 19?

Answer 30

* cough * fever * difficulty breathing * pneumonia in both lungs * severe cases can lead to death

Question 31

* Incubation period: 2-3 weeks * Most contagious before rash appears, most infectious from 12-24 hrs before the rash and approx. 5 days after * precautions necessary * Mild fever, flu like symptoms, joint pain * macules, papules, vesicles, pustules and scabs all at same time * Nursing Care: person is confined until scabs have crusted overor dried out, prevent scratching, use calamine lotion to reduce itching

Answer 31

varicella

Question 32

* Incubation Period: 4-14 days * Child has “slapped cheek” appearance * generalized rash appears on face, trunk, & extremities. Rash subsides and re-appears if skin irritated by heat or sun * Symptoms otherwise non specific * No isolation required 1-3 weeks

Answer 32

human parvovirus

Question 33

* Caused by Bordetella pertussis * Symptoms: fever, cold, and distinctive cough. Noisy gasp for air that creates a “whoop” * Incubation period: 6-20 days (9-10 average) * Contagious- several weeks exclude pt from daycare for 5 days after antimicrobial treatment complete * Nsg. Interventions * Bed rest, Airway patency critical, antibiotics and Mist tent * Droplet precautions

Answer 33

pertussis

Question 34

Caused by Paramyxovirus * S/S: fever, headache, glands near ear and jawline ache, become painful, & swell. Parotid gland is enlarged. * Incubation: 14-21 days * Contagious until swelling subsides. Keep out of school. * Treatment: * Push Fluids, ice compresses, droplet precautions if hospitalized. * Avoid citrus/spices=stimulate salivary flow.

Answer 34

mumps

Question 36

* S/S: fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis followed by small white (Koplik) spots on inner cheeks then Maculopapular rash erupts. * Incubation: 1-2 weeks * Contagious from 4 days before to 5 days after rash appears * Treatment: symptomatic care, airborne isolation, measures to reduce eyestrain, good oral care. Avoid soap.

Answer 36

measles

Question 37

Not routinely started until 2 months of age

Answer 37

immunizations