Obstetrics Flashcards

Question

What are the risks of smoking during pregnancy?

Answer 1

Smoking thins placenta. Baby will likely have difficulty during childbirth as its oxygen is reduced Causes smaller babys

Answer 2

Folic acid- Vital for development of neural tube and spinal cord Iodine- Supplementation during pregnancy and breastfeeding for brain development

Answer 3

Long term use of metoclopramide can cause tardive dyskinesia - a disorder with involuntary repetitive body movements

Answer 4

- Oedema - Persistent or frequent vomiting - Pain, swelling, warmth of redness at legs - Chill and fever - Reported alcohol or drug use - Vaginal bleeding - Decreased urine output - Increase or decrease in fetal movements - Abdominal pain - Blurred vision - CP - Rapid weight gain -Severe or persistent headaches - Signs of depression - Sudden loss of clear fluid from the vagina - Uterine cramping

Answer 5

An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that establishes in an abnormal position. Any fertilised ovum implants anywhere other than the endometrial lining

Answer 6

Risk of - Hemorrhage (Internal or external) - Shock - Death can be a result of delayed treatment

Answer 7

All ectopic pregnancies and not viable, and therefore the embryo is lost.

Answer 8

Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of infertility due to removal or surgical scarring of fallopian tubes and/or ovaries. Only about 60% of women are able to conceive afterwards, and of these, roughly 40% are ectopic, each subsequent one potentially reducing fertility further. If early diagnosis occurs, and the right management happens, fertility may not be significantly affected.

Answer 9

Hypertension is the most common medical problem encountered during pregnancy. 6% of pregnancies. Significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy may aggravate, or be complicated by, pre-existing hypertension. Pregnancy may also induce hypertension.

Answer 10

In preeclampsia, the mother's high blood pressure reduces the blood supply to the fetus, which may get less oxygen and fewer nutrients Associated with HTN and proteinuria. Rarely presents before 20 weeks gestation. Patho changes are mostly ischemic, affecting the placenta, kidney, liver, brain and other organs. Exact cause is unknown.

Answer 11

HTN detected for the first time after 20 weeks gestation without proteinuria. usually resolves by 3 months postpartum. Be be diagnosed if diastolic is above 90mm

Answer 12

One or more seizure that that occur in assciated with pre excplamisa. It is an obstetric emergency. A grand mal convulsion - can occur before or during labour or in the early postpartum period.

Answer 13

- Only conclusive treatment is birth of the baby - if less than 37 weeks’ gestation stabilise - Begin magnesium sulphate - If hypertensive, start antihypertensive, aim for a target BP below 140/100 mmHg - keeping the pt on side to aid placental circulation - head tilted to the side to allow salaivia to drain - precautions to prevent injury, oral airway, nasopharynx suctioning and O2 may be indicated.

Answer 14

- BP systolic greater than 140. Diastolic greater than 90. - Oliguria - Oedema - Proteinuria - Weight gain Signs and symptoms of severe pre-eclampsia * Severe headache * Visual disturbances * Severe epigastric pain * Shortness of breath * Retrosternal pressure/pain * Nausea, vomiting * Sudden swelling of face, hands, or feet * Hyperreflexia

Answer 15

- Convulsions - Headache - Visual disturbances - Epigastric or R) upper quadrant pain

Answer 16

- Urine output monitored for worsening proteinuria - Low dose aspirin starting second trimester. - Antihypertensives - Magnesium sulfate given IV during labour to prevent seizures (monitor for signs of toxicity which include decreased resp rate, slurred speech, awkward movements) - Delivery - Within an average of 16 days after deliver, most return to a normal BP, however those who had early onset severe pre-eclampsia, it can take up to 3 months.

Answer 17

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is excessive bleeding from the genital tract following birth. It can occur from the time of birth until 6 – 12 weeks postpartum. If it occurs in the first 24 hours after delivery it is called a primary PPH. Secondary PPH occurs from the first 24 hours following birth until 6 – 12 weeks postpartum.

Answer 18

lochia Discharge that occurs from 3 to 6 weeks post partum. 150ml to 400ml is lost up to 6 weeks post.

Answer 19

- Genital tract trauma - Retained genital tissue - Uterine atony - coagulopathies

Answer 20

- Placenta previa - Carrying twins/triplets - previous PPH - BMI>35 - Anaemia - Fibroid - clotting problems - Preeclampsia - caesarean - induction of labour - retained placenta - perineal tear or episiotomy - forceps or ventouse delivery - long labour - large baby (more than 4kg) - fever during labour - having general anaesthesia - precipitous delivery - infections - coagulation abnormalities - uterine atony

Answer 21

Recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life.

Answer 22

- Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) (frenulum of the tongue is too tight, too short, or attached to the tip of the tongue, difficult to imitate persistus wave tghat milks the dudicus) - Pre mature babies may not have the sucking reflex

Answer 23

- Cord presentation and prolapse - Breech presentation - Eclampsia - Rupture of the uterus - Trauma

Answer 24

- GDM was diagnosed in 13% of pregnancies in those who were overweight or obese in NZ and 25% in those with BMI’s over 40 - Maternal older age - Family History of diabetes - Previous delivery of macrosomic newborn (over 4 kg) - Have a history of unexplained stillbirth or miscarriage - Have polycystic ovarian syndrome

Answer 25

- Pregnancy associated hypertension - 3rd and 4th degree perineal tears - PPH - Caesarean section - Operative vaginal birth - Preterm labour - Polyhydramnios - Lifetime risk of CVD and stroke increases significantly

Answer 26

Shoulder dystocia with possible bone fractures/nerve palsy Macrosomia Hypoglycaemia Respiratory distress syndrome Hyperbilirubinaemia - jaundice Large or small for gestational age Stillbirth Overweight and childhood obesity Metabolic syndromes later in life Type 2 DM later in life

Answer 27

- May go on to have chronic hypertension - Higher risk for subsequent pregnancies -

Answer 28

A bacterial respiratory infection thats highly transmissible. It is one of the most infectious vaccine-preventable diseases in humans. Severe coughing fits that can be followed by a "whooping" sound as the person gasps for breath Transmission occurs by aerosolised droplets, and the incubation period is 7–10 days (range 5–21 days).

Answer 29

The disease is most often severe in infants in the first few months of life. One in six infants with pertussis sufficiently severe to require intensive care admission will either die or be left with brain or lung damage. The most common complications of pertussis are secondary infections, such as otitis media and pneumonia, and the physical sequelae of paroxysmal coughing. At the peak of the paroxysmal phase, vomiting can lead to weight loss especially in infants and young children.

Answer 30

Boostrix (Tetanus + diphtheria + whooping cough) Influenza

Answer 31

- State of hyper cogaulation - Immobility - Stasis of blood flow - Birth relates hormones

Answer 32

1) Stay active 2) Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids. 3) Consider using compression stockings, especially during travel or if advised by a healthcare provider.

Answer 33

Warfarin can cause fetal abnormalities and birth defects Over anticoagulant theories have limited research and potential toxicity

Answer 34

A prenatal test that involves taking a sample of tissue from the placenta to detect chromosomal or genetic disorders in a fetus. It's typically performed between 10 and 14 weeks of pregnancy. The procedure can help diagnose conditions like Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.

Obstetrics Flashcards

(59 cards)