Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Define Operant Conditioning

Answer 1

a learning process where the likelihood of behavior occurring is determined by consequences of that behavior

Question 2

Give 3 differences between operant and classical conditioning

Answer 2

• operant is ACTIVE
• behaviour is VOLUNTARY and NOT REFLEXIVE
• behaviour occurs BEFORE the consequence

Question 3

What is the ABC model?

Answer 3

antecedent , behaviour, consequence

Question 4

What is another term for ‘stimulus’ and ‘response’

Answer 4

stimulus- antecedent

response- behaviour

Question 5

The Antecedent is naturally occuring __________________

Answer 5

naturally occurring before any behaviour occurs

Question 6

What does the word ‘Operant’ mean?

Answer 6

behaviour

Question 7

Reinforcement is any stimulus that ….

Answer 7

strengthens or increases the likelihood of a behaviour

Question 8

Does reinforcement/punishment in Operant Conditioning come before or after behavioiur?

Answer 8

after

Question 9

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 9

• plus good

- stimulus strengthens response by providing satisfying/pleasant consequence

Question 10

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

Answer 10

• recieving a sticker after doing house chores

- getting rewarded for ….

Question 11

What is neg reinforcement? provide example

Answer 11

• take away bad
• a stimulus that strengthens a response by the reduction/ removal/ prevention of an UNWANTED stimulus

-eg. driving slow to AVOID a fine
taking panadol to REDUCE head pain

Question 12

Punishment is any stimulus that ….

Answer 12

-decreases/weakens the likelihood of the behaviour that follows.

Question 13

What occurs in Positive punishment? provide 1 example

Answer 13

• plus bad
• an unpleasant stimulus is delivered after undesireable behaviour

-eg. being told off for talking in class

Question 14

In Reponse Cost/ Negative Punishment, what happens?

Answer 14

• take away good

- a valued stimulus is removed

Question 15

Briefly touch on the two factors which must occur in both Reinforcement and Punishment

Answer 15

reinforcer + punisher must occur

1. immediately after behaviour
2. reinforcement must be satisfying to learner, while punishment must be unpleasant/unsatisfying

Question 16

When does Stimulus Generalisation occur?

Answer 16

when a correct response is made to another stinulus which is similar to the original stimulus

Question 17

When does Stimulus Discriminatoin occur?

Answer 17

when a reponse is made to a stimulus and not any other similar stimulus

Question 18

Provide one example of Stimulus Generalisation

Answer 18

bird pecks at orange light when told to peck yellow light for food

Question 19

Give an example of stimulus discrimiation

Answer 19

bird pecks at orange light only for good

Question 20

Define extinction

Answer 20

the gradual decrease in strengh/rate of responding after a period of non-reinforcement

Question 21

Describe what happens in Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 21

response is reappears in the absense of the reinforcement