Sleep

Question 1

What are the benefits and limiations of Video monitoring sleep

Answer 1

BENEFITS

• individual undisturbed
• monitoring can happen at home or lab

LIMITATIONS

• obtaining data time consuming
• results subjective/diff. interpretations
• results may be limited or inconclusive

Question 2

What are the benefits and limiations of using Self Reports to measure sleep? (3 each)

Answer 2

BENEFITS

• valuable bc from individuals perpective
• time-effective
• can indicate if someone is in ASC

LIMITATIONS

• hard to compare results with other people
• hard to describe experiences accurately
• intinterpretation can be subjective

Question 3

How many cycles do humans experience per night? How long is each cycle

Answer 3

6-7 cycles and 90min/cycle

Question 4

How many stages in sleep are there in TOTAL

Answer 4

5

Question 5

Which stage of sleep is the transitioning stage from wakefulness to sleep?

Answer 5

NREM Stage 1

Question 6

Which stage of sleep shows one losing awareness and falling asleep? How many minutes does one sleep in this stage for?

Answer 6

NREM S1 - 5 to 10 min

Question 7

In NREM 1, which two brain waves are invovled

Answer 7

alpha +theta

Question 8

Which stage displays that one has fallen asleep? Name the main brain wave and other characteristics occuring in this stage.

Answer 8

NREM S2

• theta
• k complex and sleep spindles

Question 9

Which brain waves are present in NREM S3

Answer 9

theta + delta

Question 10

What are the 4 features in NREM S4

Answer 10

1. deepest sleep and hard to wake
2. mainly DELTA
3. body undergoes growth +development
4. invovled in 2 cycles at the start of night only

Question 11

Which stage consists of dreaming?

Answer 11

REM sleep (rapid eye movement)

Question 12

In REM sleep, which brain waves are present

Answer 12

beta-like waves

Question 13

Why do humans remember dreams before they wake up?

Answer 13

Because REM sleep increases throughout the night

Question 14

Infants/babies experience _______ REM because _____________. They also have _____ NREM S4

Adults experience _____ NREM S4

Answer 14

more, thier brains are still developing

less

Question 15

Which stage of sleep replenishes the brain?

Answer 15

REM

Question 16

Which stage of sleep replenishes the body?

Answer 16

NREM

Question 17

Name the 2 Biological rhythms of sleep

Answer 17

Circadian + Ultradian

Question 18

What is a Circadian Rhythm?

Answer 18

a 24/25 hour cycle that human body goes through everyday

Question 19

In a Circadian Rhythm, what does one rely on? give examples

Answer 19

Zeitgebers (means ‘cue’)

1. light
2. dark

Question 20

In a Circadian Rhythm, what acts as the ‘internal clock’? which part of the brain is it located?

Answer 20

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 21

In a Circadian Rhythm, what is the function of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus?

Answer 21

regulates the two hormones; cortisol + melatonin

Question 22

In a Circadian Rhythm, when is Cortisol (hormone) released and what is its function?

Answer 22

released in LIGHT; increases ones alertness

Question 23

In a Circadian Rhythm, when is Melatonin (hormone) released and what is its function?

Answer 23

released when DARK; acts as a sleep hormone to decrease alertness

Question 24

What are the two theories explaining the Purpose of Sleep?

Answer 24

• Restorative Theory

- Evolutionary Theory

Question 25

In the Restorative Theory, what is the function of sleep?

Answer 25

- to replenish our bodies by recharging depleted energy resources - REM replenishes brain - NREM replenishes body

Question 26

In the Restoritative Theory, what is Adenosine? what does it do when we are awake, and asleep?

Answer 26

- a neurotransmitter produced when energy is used - the accumulation of adenine makes you more drowsy - accumulates when awake, decreases when asleep

Question 27

According to the Restoriative Theory, what does sleep do? (7)

Answer 27

1. ADENOSINE neurotransmitter decreases when asleep 2. sleep increases growth 3. sleep increases impunity to disease 4. sleep increases alertness 5. sleep increases mood 6. NREM replenishes body 7. REM rep. brain/mind

Question 28

The more Adenosine present, the more _________ and _______ we feel. Why does Adenosine decrease when we are asleep?

Answer 28

tired and fatigued It decreases so that we feel refreshed and energized the next morning

Question 29

In one word, The Evolutionary Theory suggests that we sleep in order to _________

Answer 29

survive

Question 30

List the three things that support the Evolutionary Theory

Answer 30

1. sleep depends on the need to find food 2. sleep depends on an animal's vulnerability to predators 3. sleep conserves energy

Question 31

Give 1 limitation for each the Restorative Theory

Answer 31

Restorative | - protein synthesis need for replenishing body shows down bc brain is very active during REM sleep

Question 32

Give 1 limitation for the Evolutionary Theory

Answer 32

Evolutionary | - animals are vulnerable to predators even when sleeping

Question 33

What is the purpose of REM sleep?

Answer 33

REM consolidates memory and restores the brain

Question 34

What is the purpose of NREM sleep? What is released in NREM S3+4?

Answer 34

NREM restores body and replenishes energy S3+4, growth hormones released for body GROWTH and REPAIR

Question 35

What type of sleep increases periodically as the night progresses?

Answer 35

REM

Question 36

What type of sleep increases periodically as the night progresses?

Answer 36

NREM