OPP-2 Week 1

Question 1

What are the two functional columns of the spine?

Answer 1

Anterior Segment and Posterior Segment

Question 2

What is the function of the Anterior Segment of the spine?

Answer 2

Support, weight-bearing, and shock absorption

Question 3

What structures are included in the Posterior Segment of the spine?

Answer 3

Vertebral arches, facets, transverse processes, and spinous process

Question 4

What is the key role of the Posterior Segment of the spine?

Answer 4

To guide and limit motion

Question 5

Define the Vertebral Unit.

Answer 5

Two adjacent vertebrae with their associated intervertebral disk, arthrodial, ligamentous, muscular, vascular, lymphatic and neural elements

Question 6

How is vertebral motion named according to osteopathic nomenclature?

Answer 6

Based on the movement of the anterior superior surface of the vertebral body relative to the vertebra below it

Question 7

What is flexion in terms of vertebral motion?

Answer 7

Forward bending in the sagittal plane

Question 8

What is extension in terms of vertebral motion?

Answer 8

Backward bending in the sagittal plane

Question 9

What does sidebending refer to in vertebral motion?

Answer 9

Movement in the coronal (frontal) plane

Question 10

If a vertebra sidebends left, what happens to the transverse processes?

Answer 10

Left TPs come closer together, right TPs separate

Question 11

What is rotation in terms of vertebral motion?

Answer 11

Movement around a vertical axis

Question 12

In the clinical example, if T3 is rotated right, what happens to its spinous process?

Answer 12

Moves left

Question 13

What is the thoracic spine ‘Rule of Threes’?

Answer 13

A guideline for locating TPs in the thoracic spine

Question 14

What is the relationship between SP and TP for T1-T3 and T12?

Answer 14

SP is level with the TP of the same vertebra

Question 15

What is the relationship between SP and TP for T4-T6 and T11?

Answer 15

SP is a half step below the corresponding TP

Question 16

What is the relationship between SP and TP for T7-T9 and T10?

Answer 16

SP is a full step below the corresponding TP

Question 17

If your finger is on the T8 spinous process and you move laterally, what structure are you palpating?

Answer 17

Transverse process of T9

Question 18

What is the name associated with the principles of physiologic spinal motion?

Answer 18

Fryette

Question 19

Which regions of the spine do Fryette’s principles apply to?

Answer 19

Thoracic and lumbar spine

Question 20

What is the First Principle of Fryette’s Mechanics also known as?

Answer 20

Neutral Mechanics

Question 21

What occurs in the T/L spine during the First Principle when in a neutral position?

Answer 21

Sidebending and rotation occur in OPPOSITE directions

Question 22

The First Principle typically applies to what?

Answer 22

A group of vertebrae (a group curve)

Question 23

What happens to the vertebral bodies in the First Principle?

Answer 23

They rotate toward the convexity of the curve

Question 24

What is the Second Principle of Fryette’s Mechanics also known as?

Answer 24

Non-Neutral Mechanics

Question 25

What is the rule for the Second Principle when a T/L vertebra is in a non-neutral position?

Answer 25

Sidebending and rotation occur in the SAME direction

Question 26

The Second Principle usually applies to what?

Answer 26

A single vertebral segment

Question 27

What does the Third Principle of Fryette's Mechanics state?

Answer 27

Initiating motion in one plane will restrict or modify motion in the other two planes

Question 28

What is a clinical application of the Third Principle?

Answer 28

Improving motion in one plane can help improve motion in the others

Question 29

How does the cervical spine differ from Fryette's principles?

Answer 29

The cervical spine is very different and gets weird due to its unique anatomy

Question 30

What mechanics apply to the OA (C0-C1) joint in the cervical spine?

Answer 30

Type I-like mechanics

Question 31

In the OA (C0-C1) joint, how do sidebending and rotation relate?

Answer 31

They are always opposite, regardless of flexion/extension

Question 32

What is the primary motion at the AA (C1-C2) joint?

Answer 32

Rotation only

Question 33

What type of mechanics do the typical cervical segments (C2-C7) exhibit?

Answer 33

Type II-like mechanics

Question 34

In typical cervical segments (C2-C7), how do sidebending and rotation relate?

Answer 34

They are always to the same side, regardless of segment position

Question 35

What does TART stand for in the context of diagnosing somatic dysfunction?

Answer 35

Tenderness, Asymmetry, Restriction of motion, and Tissue texture changes

Question 36

How do we name somatic dysfunction?

Answer 36

We name the dysfunction for the direction of freedom/ease, not the restriction

Question 37

What is Type I Somatic Dysfunction?

Answer 37

Group Dysfunction involving multiple segments where sidebending and rotation are opposite

Question 38

What are the main characteristics of Type I mechanics?

Answer 38

Involves multiple segments with opposite sidebending and rotation

Question 39

What is a common cause of Type I Somatic Dysfunction?

Answer 39

Postural imbalances maintained by long restrictor muscle groups

Question 40

In a clinical example, how is a Type I dysfunction characterized?

Answer 40

A T12-L5 group curve that is sidebent left and rotated right

Question 41

What is Type II Somatic Dysfunction?

Answer 41

Single-Segment Dysfunction involving a single segment that is significantly flexed or extended

Question 42

How does Type II mechanics differ from Type I mechanics?

Answer 42

Involves a single segment with sidebending and rotation to the same side

Question 43

What can Type II Somatic Dysfunction involve?

Answer 43

Facet locking and maintenance by short restrictor muscles

Question 44

Where can Type II dysfunctions be located in relation to Type I curves?

Answer 44

At the beginning, apex, or end of a larger Type I curve

Question 45

What is a characteristic finding in a Type II dysfunction at T6?

Answer 45

Tissue texture change over the right TP with that TP being more posterior

Question 46

In Type II dysfunction for example, how would the T6 vertebrae move in flexion and extension?

Answer 46

Moves easily into flexion but is restricted in extension