What is the formal structure of an organisation?
It shows the organisational hierarchy and groupings:
- The range of activities the organisation in
involved in - Management’s hierarchy and reporting
relationships - Type of work and responsability of each
subdivision - Official lines of authority and communication
What is the informal structure of an organisation?
It is not visible
- Informal lines of communication
- Personal contacts
What are 2 key factors for organisational structures?
- Differentiation - subdividing into specialized
areas - Integration - the extend into which they act
and coordinate to fulfill organizational goals
What are integrators?
People who help improve horizontal relations e.g. project coordinator/manager, integrating contractor, matrix manager
Traditional Forms of organisation:
What are the 6 ways to differentiate organisations into sub units?
- Functional
- Geographical
- Product
- Customer
- Process
- Project
Traditional Forms of organisation:
What are the 3 problems associated with differentiation/Specialisation?
- Can only address anticipated, classifiable kinds of problems. As the environment change, they differentiate further = Bureaucracy (leaders make most of the important decisions)
- Lack of integration
- Less flexibility: leads to slow and expensive redesign, or bump problems up chain of command.
Traditional Forms of organisation:
What is the project team?
It is a temporary structure
Usually multi-functional.
Led by the Project manager.
It must be adaptable
Traditional Forms of organisation:
How does a single function project structure look?
Board of Directors
Research and development
Production
Marketing
Human resources
Information technology
Finance and administrationUnder each subdivision is a project manager and a project team
Traditional Forms of organisation:
How does a multi-functional project team structure look?
Board of Directors
Research and development
Production
Marketing
Human resources
Information technology
Finance and administrationOnly one PM overseeing all the subdivisions with a project team under each subdivision.
Traditional forms of organisations:
What are the advantages of a multi-functional project team structure?
- Reduces duplication of activities
- Provides specialization and functional
excellence - No structural change
- Flexible
- Easy Post-project transition
Traditional forms of organisations:
What are the disadvantages of a multi-functional project team structure?
- Can be isolated/narrow-minded
- Teamwork is not emphasized
- Structure can be slow in communication,
Problem solving and decision making - Lack of customer focus
- Stronger commitment to function than
project - Lack of ownership
- Difficult integration
- Lack of focus
Just look at the diagrams in the notes for the different types organizations…its much easier and I tried but couldn’t load images🙈
Sorry and good luck👍
