orgo: naming compounds

Question 1

priority rules chart

Answer 1

1. carboxylic acid
2. ester
3. amide
4. nitrile
5. aldehyde
6. ketone
7. alcohol
8. amine
9. alkene
10. alkyne
11. alkane, ether, alkyl halide

Question 2

alkanes + general formula

Answer 2

• C(n) H(2n+2)
• suffix “-ane” from longest carbon chain
• prefixes “di/tri..” if more than one branch
• if more than 1 longest chain, pick one w most branches

Question 3

alkenes + general formula

Answer 3

• C(n) H(2n)
• double bond
• suffix “-ene”

Question 4

cyclic alkanes

Answer 4

• add prefix “cyclo-“

Question 5

alkynes + general formula

Answer 5

• C(n) H(2n-2)
• triple bond
• suffix “yne”

Question 6

how do u number bonds in alkenes/alkynes

Answer 6

C atom closest to multiple bond

Question 7

alcohol

Answer 7

• hydroxyl unit (-OH)
• replace “e” in alkane w/ “-ol”

Question 8

polyalcohols

Answer 8

• many -OH
• do prefix “di/tri..” before suffix “-ol”

Question 9

aromatic alcohols

Answer 9

• benzene ring
  -number where the OH are, then do - hydroxybenzene
• NOT cyclo…wtv

Question 10

organic halides

Answer 10

• have halogen element
• add chloro/fluoro/bromo/iodo after # - prefix but before the alkane/kene/kyne
• no dashes, j throw it in there
• if theres alkyl groups, do it before alkyl group

Question 11

ethers

Answer 11

• have O w/ carbons on both sides, -O-
• parent name w/ longest carbon, thn name shortest carbon w/ suffix “-oxy” and treat as branch
• number it low as possible and put that number in beginning w/ dash, #-

Question 12

aldehydes vs ketones

Answer 12

• aldehyes: carbonyl attached to last carbon
• ketones: carbonyl attached to middle of carbon chain

Question 13

aldehydes

Answer 13

• have =O at end
• find longest chain and add suffix “-al”
• give lowest number to aldehyde (obvi)

Question 14

ketones

Answer 14

• have =O in middle
• name longest chain w/ suffix “-one”
• use number (lowest possible) and place it at front

Question 15

carboxylic acids

Answer 15

• have -COOH (=O and -OH)
• longest chain, remove “e” and add “-oic acid”
• give lowest number to carboxyl and dash it at beginning

Question 16

esters

Answer 16

• have =O and -O-alkyl grp
• first part: name alkyl grp attached to -O
• second part: name part attached to =O and change ending to “-oate”

Question 17

amines

Answer 17

• have NH3
• find longest chain w/ N group and replace “-e” with “-amine”
• if N attached to two or three carbons, add N or N, N at beginning
• add number of where N is before the __amine
• if alkyl grps, write tht after Ns but before amine