orthopaedics

Question 1

assessment of the older adult

Answer 1

• posture- Loss of height due to loss of
  vertebral cartilage or osteoporosis
  related vertebral fractures.
• gait- Assessing for smoothness and rhythm
  Unsteadiness, ROM
• bone integrity- Assess the bony skeleton – looking
  for alignment and deformities
• joint function- Range of motion (ROM), Deformity, Stability, Nodular formation, Assess actively and passively
• muscle strength and size- Ability to sit to stand, Muscular strength in limbs, Co-ordination, Muscle size
• skin- oedema, colour, temp, decreased circulation
• neurovascular status- colour, warmth, movement, sensation, pulses
• nutrition
• social and family

Question 2

what is osteoporosis

Answer 2

• A reduction in bone density and change in bone
  structure resulting in increased susceptibility to
  fracture.
• Begins in childhood and adolescence.
• Diagnosed via DEXA scan
• Treatment – oral and IV medications & lifestyle
  changes

Question 3

nursing interventions and actions for someone who has had a hip replacement

Answer 3

1. manage pain and provide adequate pain relief measures
2. promote wound healing and prevent infection
3. ensure patient safety and prevent falls or complications related to immobility
4. facilitate early mobilisation and rehabilitation to regain joint function and prevent complications
5. monitor for signs of complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) and implement preventive measures
6. Provide patient education on self-care, medications, activity restrictions, and signs of potential complications

Question 4

what to assess following a hip replacement

Answer 4

• pain and discomfort
• swelling
• stiffness
• limited ROM; decreased muscle strenght/ control
• bruising and discolouration
• muscle weakness
• numbness and tingling sensation around the surgical area
• difficulty in performing with ADL’s