1
Q
Corset
A
- is contructed of fabric and may have metal uprights within the material to provide abdominal compression and support.
- corsets are utilized to provide pressure and relieve pain associated with mid and low back pathologies
2
Q
Halo Vest Orthosis
A
- is an invasive cervical thoracic orthosis that provides full restriction of all cervical motion.
- a metal ring with four posts that attach to a vest is placed on a patient and secured by inserting four pins through the ring into the skull. this orthosis is commonly used with cervical spinal cord injuries to prevent further damage or dislocation during the recovery period.
- A patient will wear a halo vest until the spine becomes stable
3
Q
Milwaukee Orthosis
A
- is designed to promote realignment of the spine due to scoliotic curvature
- the orthosis is custom made and extends from the pelvis to the upper chest
- corrective padding is applied to the areas of severity of the curve
4
Q
Taylor brace
A
- is a thoracolumbosacral orthosis that limits trunk flexion and extension through a three-point control design
5
Q
TLSO
thoracolumbosacral orthosis
A
a custom molded TLSO is utilized to prevent all trunk motions and is commonly utilized as a means of post-surgical stabilization. the rigid shell is fabricated from plastics in a bivalve style using straps /velcro to secure the orthosis
6
Q
foot orthosis
A
- a semirigid or rigid insert worn inside a shoe that corrects foot alignment and improves function. may also be used to relieve pain
- a foot orthosis is cutom molded and is often designed for a specific level of functioning
7
Q
ankle-foot orthosis
A
consists of two metal uprights connected proximally to a calf band and distally to a mechanical ankle joint and shoe.
- the ankle joint may have the ability to be locked and not allow any motion, or set to have limited anterior/posterior capability depending on the patient’s head.
- a plastic AFO is fabricated by cast mold of the patient’s lower extremity. the use of plastic is more cosmetic, lighter, and requires that if a patient presents wth edema it does not significantly fluctuate
- proper fit of a plastic AFO requires that a patient be casted in a subtalar neutral position
- a footplate can be incorporated into the AFO to assist with tone reduction.
- Solid AFO control DF/PF and also inversion/ eversion with a trim line anterior to the malleoli. they can be fabricated to keep the ankle positioned at 90 degrees or can be fabricated with an articulating ankle joint. this articulation allows the tibia to advance over the foot during the mid to late stance phase of gait.
8
Q
Posterior leaf spring
A
-platsic AFO with a trim line posterior to the malleoli. its primary purpose is to assist with DF and prevent foot drop. it requires adequate medial/lateral control by the patient
9
Q
floor reaction AFO
A
- assists with knee extension during stance through positioning of a calf band and/or positioning at the ankle.
10
Q
KAFO
A
- provides support and stability to the knee and ankle
- the orthosis can be fabricated using two metal uprights extending from the foot/shoe to the thigh with calf and thigh bands.
- Plastic KAFO are fabricated by a cast mold of the patient’s LE. a platsic thigh shell is connected to a plastic AFO through metal uprights lateral and medial to the knee joint. Both types allow for a lock mechanism at the knee that provides stability. the ankle is also held in proper alignment
11
Q
Craig-Scott KAFO
A
- designed specifically for persons with paraplegia
- this design allows a person to stand with a posterior lean of the trunk
12
Q
HKAFO
A
- is indicated for patients with hip, foot, knee and ankle weakness
- it consists of bilateral KAFO with an extension to the hip joints and a pelvic band.
- the othosis can control rotation at the hip and abduction/adduction
- the orthosis is heavy and restricts patients to a swing- to or swing-through gait ppattern
13
Q
Reciprocating Gait Orthosis
A
- is a derivative of the HKAFO and incorporates a cable system to assist with advancement of the LE during gait. When the patient shifts weight onto a selected LE, the cable system advances the opposite lower extremity. the othoses are used primarily for patients with paraplegia
14
Q
Parapodium
A
- is a standing frame designed to allow a patient to sit when necessary. it is a prefabricated frame and ambulation is achieved by shifting weight and rocking the base across the floor. it is primarily used by the pediatric population
15
Q
heel wedges
A
- can be applied to the medial heel tp prevent excessive hindfoot eversion or to the lateral heel to prevent excessive hindfoot inversion. heel wedges can be used to treat symptoms associated with pes planus or pes cavus
16
Q
heel lift
A
- is a rigid insert which adds extra height to the heel of a shoe. heel lifts are commonly used to take pressure off of the Achilles tendon for patients with achilles tendonitis or a recent repair of the tendon. Heel lifts are also used to help limit the effects of a leg length discrepancy
17
Q
heel cushion
A
- rigid insert that covers the plantar surface of the calcaneus and extends upwards on all three sides. a heel cup helps stabilize teh calcaneus in a neutral position as well as provide some shock absoprtion for the heel.
- it is commonly used for patients with a calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis
18
Q
metatarsal bar/ pad
A
- flat piece of padding that is placed just posterior to the metatarsal heads wither on the outer sole or the inner sole of the shoe.
- the placement of the bar/pad helps relieve pressure from the metatarsal heads by transferring it to the metatarsal shafts, thus helping relieve pain for patients with metatarsalgia
19
Q
Rocker bar
A
- is similar to a metatarsal bar in its placement, though it consists of a convex strip instead of a flat strip
- because of its shape and position, it assists patients who have difficulty with the terminal stance phase of gait secondary to limited mobility within the foot, especially the great toe. a rocker bar also helps relieve pressure from the metatarsal heads for patients with pain in that region
20
Q
Knee
single axis
A
- difficult to reciprocate during gait
- may or may not have knee extension assist and/or a weight-activated stance phase control
- constant friction mechanism
21
Q
knee
polycentric
A
- heavier than a single axis
- reciprocal gait ismore fluid
- may or may not have a knee extension and/or a weight-activated stance phase control
- constant friction mechanism
22
Q
knee
hydraulic
A
- variable friction for improved swing and stance phase control
23
Q
knee microprocessor
A
- multiple programs available to accommodate the activity level of the user
- allows for fluid management of descending stairs
- requires charging
- variable friction for improved swing and stance phase control
24
Q
foot system
- SACH
A
- non-articulating with a rigid keel
- inexpensive
- low maintenance
- cushioned heel for shock absorption
- lacks energy return
- cannot accommodate to uneven surfaces
25
foot system
| - single axis
- allows for motion in a singular plane
- improved knee stability during weight acceptance
- lacks energy return function if not paired with a dynamic response foot
26
foot system
| - dynamic response
- can be articulating or non-articulating
- keel has the capability to store and return some energy
- May have a split keel to allow for improved surface accommodation
27
foot system
| - hydraulic/ microprocessor
- finer control over the stability/ mobility of motions
- improved shock absorption
- not appropriate for all environmental conditions and demands
28
Prosthetic Causes
| - lateral bending
- prosthesis too short
- improperly shaped lateral wall
- high medial wall
- prosthesis aligned in abduction
29
Prosthetic Causes
| - abducted gait
- Prosthesis too long
- high medial wall
- poorly shaped lateral wall
- prosthesis positioned in abduction
- inadequate suspension
- excessive knee friction
30
Prosthetic Causes
| - circumducted gait
- prosthesis too long
- excessive knee friction
- socket too small
- excessive plantar flexion
31
Prosthetic Causes
| - excessive knee flexion during stance
- socket set forward in relation to foot
- excessive dorsiflexionn
- stiff heel
- prosthesis too long
32
Prosthetic Causes
| - vaulting
- prosthesis too long
- inadequate socket suspension
- excessive alignment stability
- excessive PF
33
Prosthetic Causes
| - rotation of forefoot at heel strike
- excessive toe-out built in
- loose fitting socket
- inadequate suspension
- Rigid SACH heel cushion
34
Prosthetic Causes
| - forward trunk lean
- socket too big
- poor suspension
- knee instability
35
Prosthetic Causes
| - medial and lateral whip
- excessive rotation of the knee
- tight socket fit
- valgus in the prosthetic knee
- improper alignment of toe break
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