Special Topics in PT > Orthotics > Flashcards

Orthotics Flashcards

(76 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

orthotics are named by the

A

joints they encompass and motions controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

types of orthotics

A
  • FOs
  • AFOs
  • KAFOs
  • HKAFOs
  • THKAFOs
  • KOs
  • cervical orthoses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the foundation for most lower limb orthotics

A

the shoe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

shoes transfer

A

body-weight to the ground and protect the foot from the terrain and the
weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the ideal shoe distributes weight-bearing forces to provide

A

optimum comfort and function
of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

upper shoe

A

The anterior component of the upper is the vamp and the posterior part is the quarter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the shoe is to be used with an

A

AFO

keeps it in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A high-quarter shoe augment

A

foot stability in the absence of an AFO

more difficult to don

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the sole

A

absorbs shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

regardless of material, the outsole should

A

not contact the floor at the distal end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

heel

A
  • broad, low
  • a higher heel places the ankle in greater PF range and forces the tibia forward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when wearing high heels, the wearer compensates either by

A

retaining slight knee and hip flexion or by extending the knee and exaggerating lumbar lordosis. The high heel transmits more stress to the forefoot and knee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Reinforcements located at strategic points preserve

A

the shape of the shoe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Toe boxing in the vamp protects the toes from

A

distal and vertical trauma; it should be
high enough to accommodate hammer toes or similar deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

te shank piece

A

a longitudinal plate that reinforces the sole between the anterior
border of the heel and the widest part of the sole at the metatarsal heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a pt with pes valgus should have a shoe with

A

a long, stiff medial
counter that provides reinforcement along the medial border of the foot to the head of
the first metatarsal, thus resisting the tendency of the foot to collapse medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the last

A

the model over which the shoe is made

remains with the manufacturer

basically a foot model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

foot orthotics

A

insert placed in the shoe

Internal modification affixed within the shoe, or an external modification attached to the
sole or heel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

foot ortheses apply force to the

A

foot which may enhance function and reduce pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

FO benefits

A
  • transferring weight-bearing stresses to pressure-tolerant sites
  • protecting painful areas from contact with the shoe
  • correcting alignment of a flexible segment
  • accommodating a fixed deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

internal modification

A

orthosis inside the shoe
- Inserts and internal modifications are identical. Both distribute force on the foot more
comfortably, pain reduction, and improve balance among older adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

external modifications

A

involves
material added to the exterior of the
shoe, such as a heel lift

The patient with leg length discrepancy
of more than 1/2 in. (1 cm) will walk
better with a shoe lift made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

heel wedges

A

alters alignment of the rear-foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A medial heel wedge, by applying laterally
directed force,

A

can aid in realigning
flexible pes valgus or can accommodate rigid pes varus by filling the void between the sole and the floor on the medial side

for valgus (pronating) and rigid varus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
heel wedge
Applied to the medial heel to prevent excessive hindfoot eversion or to the lateral heel to prevent excessive hindfoot inversion
26
metatarsal bars
- transfers the stress to the shaft ## Footnote transfers the location of the weight bearing when they have pain
27
heel lift
A rigid insert which adds extra height to the heel of a shoe that help to take the pressure off the Achilles tendon
28
heel cushion
A soft pad placed on the heel of the inner sole to help cushion the heel and decreases pain in that region
29
heel cup
A rigid insert that covers the plantar surface of the calcaneus and extends upwards on all three sides. It helps stabilize the calcaneus in a neutral position and provide shock absorption for the heel
30
metatarsal bar/pad
A flat piece of padding that is placed just posterior to the metatarsal heads either on the outer sole (bar) or the inner sole (pad). The placement helps relieve pressure and relieve pain
31
rocker bar
Similar to a metatarsal bar, but it uses a convex strip. Helps relieve pressure from the metatarsal heads and pain in that region.
32
supra malleolar orthotics (smos)
Supra Malleolar Orthotics is a custom-made inner foot and ankle brace
33
indications a child might need SMOS
* Pronation * Hypotonia * Triplanar instability in weight-bearing * Instability to stand independently * Mild toe-walking * Developmental delay * Delay in acquiring gross motor skills * Poor coordination or balance
34
AFO
An ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is composed of a foundation, an ankle control, a foot control, and a superstructure | can also be an insert in the shoe (less expensive) ## Footnote The foundation of an AFO consists of a shoe and a plastic or metal component
35
to be fitted for an AFO,
know what shoe they wear
36
stirrup ## Footnote if older pts are used to this, use it
a U-shaped steel fixture, the center portion of which is riveted to the bottom of the shoe through the steel shoe shank | (tend to be heavier) ## Footnote made of steel; helps with DF or PF
37
ankle control
Adjustable motion assistance can be achieved with a steel dorsiflexion spring assist incorporated into each stirrup near the ankle. The coiled spring compresses in stance and rebounds during swing ## Footnote can adjust the screws which adjusts how much it helps the ankle
38
ankle control- posterior leaf spring AFO
this material is specifically designed and cut to help the foot loads it and helps spring it forward when going through swing phase | needs help with DF ## Footnote Can be prefabricated or custom made
39
posterior stop
prevent toe drag is using plantarflexion resistance provided by an AFO with a metal ankle hinge that has a posterior stop ## Footnote can be adjustable
40
metal hinges
An anterior stop at the ankle hinge limits dorsiflexion, aiding the individual with paralysis of the triceps surae to achieve propulsion during late stance | **bichannel adjustments** ## Footnote The limited motion joint resists both plantarflexion and dorsiflexion
41
solid ankle-foot orthotics
Limiting all foot and ankle motion can be achieved with a plastic solid ankle–foot orthosis | to control the whole ankle ## Footnote Its trimlines (edges) are anterior to the malleoli
42
foot control
It permits a limited range of sagittal motion, facilitating to the foot-flat position in early stance
43
floor (ground) reaction orthosis
An anterior shell that is part of a solid ankle AFO imposes posteriorly directed force near the knee (extension moment), enabling the AFO to resist knee flexion
44
patellar-tendon-bearing brim
Reduce the amount of weight transmitted through the foot | transfers load to patellar tendon ## Footnote Transferring some force proximally.
45
KAFO
Consist of a shoe, foundation, ankle control, foot control, knee control, and superstructure
46
knee control
- medial nad lateral upright hinge - The offset joint is a hinge placed posterior to the midline of the leg. When the wearer stands and walks on a level surface, the individual’s weight line passes in front of the offset joint, stabilizing the knee in extension during the early stance phase of gait
47
knee locks
- drop ring lock - locks how much motion pt is doing
48
fan lock or serrated lock
The person who has a knee flexion contracture can achieve knee stability with a fan lock or a serrated lock ## Footnote Both are adjusted to match the angle of maximum knee extension
49
sagittal stability
An anterior band or four-strap leather knee pad that completes the three-point pressure system necessary for stability | controls flexion during swing phase ## Footnote apply a posteriorly directed force to complement anteriorly directed forces from the calf band and the thigh band
50
control for genu valgum or genu varum
Genu valgum or varum may be controlled with a KAFO having a leather knee pad with five straps
51
mechanical KAFOs for paraplegia
The orthoses enable the patient to stand without crutches by leaning backward; the iliofemoral ligaments restrain excessive lean
52
C-brace KAFO
a knee, ankle, foot orthotic device controlled by a microprocessor. It’s equipped with smart sensors and can be controlled via smartphone ## Footnote allows users to flex their leg under load (in order to sit down), and to navigate slopes, walk on uneven terrain, or descend stairs step-over- step
53
HKAFO
The joint prevents hip abduction, adduction, and rotation - issues with stability during stance
54
THKAFO
Patients who require more stability than provided by HKAFOs may be fitted with THKAFOs which incorporate a lumbosacral orthosis attached to KAFOs ## Footnote usually used for Peds and only during tx
55
standing frame
Broad base supporting medial and lateral uprights that end at the anterior chest band | primarily used on peds ## Footnote A posterior thoracolumbar band and anterior leg bands contribute to stability
56
parapodium
different from the standing frame as it allows for some limited gaited
57
# reciprocating gait orthosis RGO
A derivative of the HKAFO and incorporates a cable system to assist with advancement of the lower extremities during gait | AD will be needed ## Footnote When the patient shifts their weight onto a LE, the cable system advances the opposite lower extremity
58
corset
Constructed of fabric and may have metal uprights to provide abdominal compression and support ## Footnote used for those who have hypotension or a need for pressure and releive pain in mid and low back pathologies
59
halo vest orthosis
Invasive cervical thoracic orthosis that provides full restriction of all cervical motion | it does not come off/ can be worn for 12 weeks ## Footnote Commonly used with cervical spinal cord injuries to prevent further damage or dislocation
60
milwaukee orthosis
Promotes realignment of the spine due to scoliotic curvature ## Footnote Extends from the pelvis to the upper chest, with corrective padding applied in areas of severity of the curve
61
thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO)
custom and utilized to prevent all trunk motions and is a common means of post-surgical stabilization
62
TAYLOR brace
Thoracolumbosacral orthosis that limits trunk flexion and extension through a three- point control design
63
foot slap orthotic causes
Inadequate dorsiflexion assist Inadequate plantarflexion stop
64
flat foot contact othotic causes
Inadequate traction from sole Requires walking aid (e.g., cane) Inadequate dorsiflexion stop ## Footnote anatomical causes: poor balance and pes calcaneus
65
excessive knee flexion orthotic causes
Inadequate knee lock Inadequate dorsiflexion stop Plantarflexion restriction (stop) Inadequate contralateral shoe lift ## Footnote anatomical causes: Weak quadriceps Short contralateral LE Knee pain Knee and/or hip flexion contracture Flexor synergy Pes calcaneus
66
hyperextended knee orthotic causes
Genu recurvatum inadequately controlled by plantarflexion stop Excessively concave (deep) calf band Pes equinus uncompensated by contralateral shoe lift Inadequate knee lock ## Footnote anatmical causes: Weak quadriceps Lax knee ligaments Extensor synergy Pes equinus Short contralateral LE Contralateral knee and/or hip flexion contracture
67
ant trunk bending orthotic causes
Inadequate knee lock ## Footnote anatomical causes: Weak quadriceps Hip flexion contracture Knee flexion contracture
68
post trunk bending orthotic causes
Inadequate hip lock Knee lock ## Footnote anatomical causes: weak glute max or knee ankylosis
69
inadequate transition
delayed or absent transfer of weight over the forefoot
70
inadequate transition orthotic causes
Plantarflexion stop Inadequate dorsiflexion stop ## Footnote anatomical causes: Weak plantarflexors Achilles tendon sprain or rupture Pes calcaneus Forefoot pain
71
toe drag orthotic causes
Inadequate dorsiflexion assist Inadequate plantarflexion stop | seen the most in clinic ## Footnote anatomical causes: Weak dorsiflexors Plantarflexor spasticity Pes equinus Weak hip flexors
72
circumduction orthotic causes
Knee lock Inadequate dorsiflexion assist Inadequate plantarflexion stop ## Footnote anatomical causes: Weak hip flexors Extensor synergy Knee and/or ankle ankylosis Weak dorsiflexors Pes equinus
73
hip hiking orthotic causes
Knee lock Inadequate dorsiflexion assist Inadequate plantarflexion stop ## Footnote anatomical causes: Short contralateral LE Contralateral knee and/or hip flexion contracture Weak hip flexors Extensor synergy Knee and/or ankle ankylosis Weak dorsiflexors Pes equinus
74
rigid and semirigid orthosis require a
break in period
75
Failure to utilize a break-in period may cause
significant discomfort and potential for tissue breakdown or wound
76
recommend wearing ___ hrs/day for __ weeks for rigid orthosis
1-2 / 2 | add about 1/2 to an hour a day ## Footnote Recommend increasing time slowly after first 2 weeks
Special Topics in PT
flashcards
Decks in class (15)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions