Possible differentials for a palpable kidney during examination
Hydronephrosis
Polycythemia kidney disease
Renal cell carcinoma
Pyonephrosis
Whilms Tumor
Differentials for a palpable liver during GI examination
Right sided heart failure
Constrictive pericarditis
Viral hepatitis
Malaria
Leukemia
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Differentials for a palpable spleen in a GI examination
Hyperactive malaria syndrome
Typhoid fever
Tuberculosis
Sickle cell disease
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Portal hypertension
Causes of lymph nodes swelling in GI
- Gastric cancer - L. Supraventricular node
- Abdominal Tuberculosis- mesenteric LN swelling
- Pancreatic cancer
- Mesenteric lymphadenitis
Differentials for lymph node swelling in Cardio
Infective endocarditis
HIV infection
Secondary syphilis
Systematic Lupus Erythmatous
Respiratory causes of LN swelling
TB- cervical LN
Sarcoidosis - Bilateral hilar lymphadenitis
Lung Cancer-supraclavicular node
Lymphoma
Respiratory; Differentials for cyanosis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Severe Asthma
Pneumonia
Pulmonary embolism
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Tuberculosis (advanced disease)
Pneumothorax
Cardio; differentials for cyanosis
Congenital heart disease (e.g., Tetralogy of Fallot)
Heart failure
Cardiogenic shock
Pericardial tamponade
CNS, Differentials for cyanosis
Occurs due to depression of the respiratory centre in the brain leading to hypoventilation.
Stroke
Head injury
Drug overdose (e.g., opioids)
Brain tumor
Meningitis
GI; Differentials for cyanosis
Cirrhosis (hepatopulmonary syndrome)
Portal hypertension
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Methemoglobinemia (sometimes related to toxins or drugs ingested)
Respiratory; Differentials for Clubbing
Lung abscess
Emphysema
Cystic fibrosis
Respiratory TB
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Abdominal; Differentials for Clubbing
LIMB
Liver Cirrhosis
Inflammatory Bowel disease
Malabsorption syndrome
Bowel cancer
Cardiovascular; Differentials for Clubbing
Tetralogy of fallout
Transposition of great vessels
Tricuspid Atresia
Trucks Arterusis
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
Infective endocarditis
Things not to do in respiratory examination
- Don’t check for Oedema
- Do not check pulse
- Do not check for sclera jaundice
When is bi-basal crepitation heard in cardiovascular examination
Left heart failure
Auscultation comment for cardiovascular
Heart sound 1 and 2 where heard.
No additional sounds present
What is not examine in cardiovascular
No lymph nodes are checked in cardiovascular examination
Added examination for the palm in cardiovascular
Osler nodes
Genwee lesions
Splinter haemorrhage
Collapsing pulse is seen in
Patent ductus arteriousus
Radiofemoral delay can be seen in
Coartationof the aorta
Paraphernalia heave can be present in
R. Ventricular hypertrophy
The apex beat is mostly located at the 5th ICS midclavicular, but mostly around the 4th ICS when?
Patient is below 5yrs
Forceful or misplaced apex to the left is mostly found in
L. Ventricular hypertrophy
Differentials for pallor during abdominal examination
BAM. C
Bleeding
Anaemia and colonic disease
Malnutrition
Chronic Kidney Disease
