Other Stem Rust

Question 1

What does a “wave year” refer to?

Answer 1

• large release of spores
• lots of susceptible species
• environmental conditions must be just right (cool and moist or spore dries and dies.)
• localized

Question 2

Where are wave years most dangerous?

Answer 2

Young stands

Consecutive years cause a problem

Question 3

What are some damage characteristics of the native rusts?

Answer 3

Mainly kills 5-30 year old

• peaks at 15
• declines 15-30
• rare after 30

Question 4

Management for native rusts at harvest.

Answer 4

Mix spp
Higher density (compensates mortality, reduce alt host, speed self pruning)

Question 5

Management for native rusts at JS and FG

Answer 5

• rust peaks at 15 so try and wait till after
• consider hazard level first
• low: JS in May/June to help with sanitize effort
• mod: JS with caution but leave extra
• high: delay JS till well past 15

Question 6

FG criteria for commandra

Answer 6

On stem or less than 60 cm from stem on live branch = fail.

Question 7

Do we prune for commandra?

Answer 7

No, not valuable enough

Question 8

What are the native stem rusts and what are the hosts?

Answer 8

Commandra and stalactiform

• attack Pl and Py
• infection and spread same as blister rust

Question 9

What are some characteristics of western gall rust ( endocronartium )? DSG

Answer 9

Pl and Py host in BC
No alternate hosts and only attacks flushing buds
Wave years
Only aeciospores (pine to pine)

Question 10

What are the damage characteristics of western gall rust?

Answer 10

Young stands vulnerable
Risk of infection decreases after 10
Infected trees do not die quickly

Question 11

FG criteria for gall rust?

Answer 11

Fails free growing if gall within 5 cm of stem

- mostly due to source of spores

Question 12

Signs and symptoms

Answer 12

• same as blister rust but swelling is gall shaped

- stem breakage

Question 13

Free growing and JS management for gall rust

Answer 13

Sanitize may/June after 10 years since flushing leader will be in the clear.