NUR 333 > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Bradypnea

A

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally slow (<12 breaths/min)

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2
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Respirations are labored, increased in depth, and increased in rate (>20 breaths/min) (normally during exercise)

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3
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rate of breathing is regular but abnormally rapid (>20 breaths/min)

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4
Q

Apnea

A

Respirations cease for several seconds
Persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest

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5
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rate and depth of respirations increase. Hypocarbia sometimes occurs
Removing CO2 faster than it is produced by cellular metabolsim

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6
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Respiratory rate is abnormally low, and depth of ventilation is depressed. Hypercarbia sometimes occurs
Inadequate alveolar ventilation to meet demand

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7
Q

Work of breathing

A

Effort to expand and contract lungs

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8
Q

Factors that can increase work of breathing

A

Decreased compliance
Increased airway resistance
Increased accessory muscle use

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9
Q

Factors affecting oxygenation

A

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity (hemoglobin levels and carbon monoxide)
Hypovolemia (decreased circulating blood volume)
Decreased inspired oxygen concentration
Increased metabolic demand
Chest wall movement (Pregnancy, obesity, musculoskeletal diseases etc…)

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10
Q

PaO2

A

Oxygen partial pressure in arterial blood
80-100

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11
Q

SpO2

A

> 95%

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12
Q

Potential causes of hypoventilation

A

Medication
Alveolar collapse = atelectasis

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypoventilation

A

Mental status change
Dysrhythmias

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14
Q

Potential causes of hyperventilation

A

Anxiety attacks
Infection/Fever
Drugs
PH imbalance
Aspirin poisoning
Amphetamine use

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperventilation

A

Rapid respirations
Sighing breaths
Numbness/tingling of hands and feet
Light-headedness
Loss of consciousness

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16
Q

Atelectisis

A

Collapsed Alveoli
Diagnosed by chest X-ray

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17
Q

Conditions associated with Atelectasis

A

Immobility
Obesity
Sleep apnea
Chronic lung conditions

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18
Q

Hypoxia

A

Inadequate tissue oxygenation
Can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias

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19
Q

Potential causes of hypoxia

A

Decreased hemoglobin
Diminished oxygen concentration of inspired oxygen
Inability of tissues to get oxygen from alveoli to blood-infections
Poor perfusion with oxygenated blood

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypoxia

A

Apprehension
Restlessness
Inability to concentrate
Decreased LOC
Dizziness
Behavioral changes
Difficulty staying still
Fatigued
Increased pulse and respirations
Cyanosis

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21
Q

Central cyanosis

A

tongue
Soft palate
Conjunctiva of eye
= Hypoxemia

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22
Q

Peripheral cyanosis

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A

Extremities
Nail beds
Earlobes
= Vasoconstriction not oxygenation problem

23
Q

Early Symptoms of hypoxia

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A

Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia/tachypnea

24
Q

Late symptoms of hypoxia

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A

Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea

25
Chronic hypoxia
Cyanotic nailbeds Sluggish capillary refill Clubbing Barrel chest
26
Lifestyle factors affecting oxygenation
Smoking Obesity Air pollution Malnourishment Substance use Exercise protective Occupational exposure
27
Dyspnea
Subjective sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing
28
Signs and symptoms of dyspnea
Use of accessory muscles Nasal flaring Increased rate/depth
29
Cough
Protective reflex to clear trachea, bronchi, and lungs of irritants and secretions Encourage coughing to move secretions through airways More efficient than artificial suctioning
30
Nursing diagnoses related to oxygenation
Ineffective airway clearance Risk for aspiration Impaired gas exchange Activity intolerance
31
Preventative measures of low oxygenation
Vaccinations Healthy lifestyle Environmental and occupational exposure
32
ABC
Airway Breathing Circulation PRIORITY
33
Ways to manage pulmonary secretions
Mobilize (Promotes lung expansion) Hydration Humidification Medications
34
Optimal position for for maximum respiratory function
Upright and unsupported
35
You should encourage patients to initaite coughing every ___ hours
2
36
Pulmonary Toilet
Turn, Cough, Deep breathe
37
What is the goal of chest physiotherapy?
To mobilize pulmonary secretions
38
Activities included in chest physiotherapy
Postural drainage Chest percussion Chest vibration
39
What are the indications for chest physiotherapy?
Thick secretions
40
Contraindications for chest physiotherapy
Pregnancy Rib/chest injuries Increased intracranial pressure Recent abdominal/thoracic surgery Bleeding disorders Osteoporosis
41
Guidelines for chest physiotherapy
Conduct a complete respiratory assessment Know patients medications Know patients medical history Know patient level of cognitive function Be aware of patients exercise tolerance
42
Indications of suctioning
Pt cannot clear secretions on their own through coughing or CPT
43
How long should you suction for>?
10 seconds
44
FiO2
% of O2 in inspired air Room air = FiO2 of 21%
45
True or false? Nurse can delegate to CNA to apply nasal cannula or oxygen mask
True HOWEVER Nurse must assess respiratory system, response to therapy etc...
46
Nasal Cannula
FiO2: 1+6 L/min: 24%-44% Use humidification if greater than 4 L
47
Simple face mask
6-12 L/min: 35%-50% Used for short periods and/or transportation Higher risk for aspiration
48
Partial rebreather mask
FiO2 6-11 L/min: 60%-75% Used for short periods of dyspnea or increased oxygen needs Pts rebreathe up to 1/3 of exhaled air
49
Non-rebreather mask
FiO2: 10-15 L/min: 80%-95% Critical need for oxygen, steps before intubation Hourly assessments
50
Venturi mask
FiO2: 4-12 L/min: 24%-60% Precise oxygen concentration with humidity Not used for long periods of time Indicated for chronic lung disease
51
Face tent
24%-100% Relatively high humidity High-flow nasal cannula
52
Oxygen humidification
Use when oxygen is >4LPM OR > 24 hours of supplemental oxygen
53
Complications of oxygen therapy
Drying of mucous membranes Oxygen toxicity Skin breakdown
54
Signs and symptoms of oxygen toxicity
Pleuritic chest pain Chest heaviness Coughing Dyspnea Muscle twitching Nausea/GI upset
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