How many countries are there in the world?
195
This includes 193 UN member states and 2 UN observer states.
Name the major oceans of the world.
- Pacific Ocean
- Atlantic Ocean
- Indian Ocean
- Southern Ocean
- Arctic Ocean
These oceans cover significant portions of the Earth’s surface.
What is the Prime Meridian and its significance?
0° longitude; divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres
It serves as the starting point for measuring longitude.
Define longitude.
360 imaginary vertical lines running from pole to pole
Longitude is used to determine the east-west position on Earth.
What is the Equator?
0° latitude; divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres
It is the baseline for measuring latitude.
Define latitude.
180 imaginary horizontal lines circling the Earth
Latitude is used to determine the north-south position on Earth.
What is the International Date Line (IDL)?
Located at ~180° longitude; marks the boundary between calendar days
Crossing the IDL changes the date, not the time.
What does the Brandt Line represent?
Divides the world into:
* Global North → Developed countries
* Global South → Developing countries
Proposed by Willy Brandt in 1980.
What is a country?
A geographical area with borders and a government; must be internationally recognized
Example: Philippines.
Define a nation.
A group of people with shared identity, which may include:
* Language
* Culture
* History
* Traditions
* Ethnicity
Example: Filipino people.
What is a state?
A political and legal entity with:
* Population
* Territory
* Government
* Sovereignty
Example: Scotland (a state within the UK).
