P1 Structure List - Integumentary System

Question 1

organs of the integumentary system

Answer 1

include the skin and its accessory structures including hair, nails, and glands, as well as blood vessels, muscles and nerves.

Question 2

function of the integumentary system

Answer 2

• Maintains the body’s integrity
• Maintains temperature
• Converts inactive vitamin D to its active form
• Provides sensory information
• Maintains homeostasis

Question 3

3 major layers of the skin (cutaneous membrane)

Answer 3

1. epidermis
   
   • outer layer
   • avascular
   • epitheal tissue
2. dermis
   
   • inner layer
   • vascular
3. subcutaneous (aka hypodermis)
   
   • areolar & adipose tissue
   • contain nerve endings

Question 4

epidermis

Answer 4

Contains four major types of cells:

1. Keratinocytes (90%): 4-5 layers
   
   • produce keratin (tough, protects), and lamellar granules (release water repellant sealant)
2. Melanocytes
   
   • produce melanin (pigment that contributes to skin color and absorb UV light)
3. Intraepidermal macrophages
   
   • AKA Langerhans cells
   • participate in immune responses by helping immune system recognize invading microbes and destroy them
4. Tactile epithelial cells
   
   • AKA Merkel Cells
   • detect touch sensations

Question 5

stratum corneum

Answer 5

• on average 25-30 layers of flattened, dead keratinocytes
• constant friction stimulates callus (abnormal thickening of stratum corneum)
• SHEDDING

Question 6

stratum lucidum

Answer 6

• ONLY in THICK skin (finger tips, palms, soles)
• flattened, clear, dead keratinoctyes
• provides extra toughness

(think transparent)

Question 7

stratum granulosum

Answer 7

contains flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis, contains granules (keratohyalin (stains dark), lamellar granules (produce water resistant sealant)

Question 8

stratum spinosum

Answer 8

8-10 layers of keratinocytes, flatten toward top, intraepidermal macrophages and melanoctyes present here

Question 9

stratum basale / stratum germinativum

Answer 9

• deepest layer
• contain single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes,
• rapidly dividing
• AKA stratum germinativum (always forming new cells)

Question 10

dermis

Answer 10

• composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
  
  • dense irregular connective tissue: containing elastic fibers and collagen
• It contains two regions
  
  1. The papillary region lies just below the epidermis
     
     • contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibers, dermal papillae (increases surface area)
       
       • All dermal papillae contain capillary loops
       • Meissner corpuscles (sensitive to touch) are found here
  2. The reticular region consists of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 11

dermal papilae

Question 12

sudoriferous (sweat) glands

Question 13

hair follicle

Answer 13

• below the level of the skin
• epithelial root sheath

external + internal root sheath

dermal root sheath

Question 14

hair papila

Question 15

sebaceous gland

Answer 15

are connected to hair follicles

another word for oil

Question 16

arrector pili muscle

Question 17

corpuscle of touch / meissner corpuscle

Question 18

lamellated corpuscle / pacinian corpuscle

Question 19

subcutaneous

Question 20

adipose tissue

Question 21

blood capillaries