Physics > P2.6 Waves > Flashcards

P2.6 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What do waves transfer

A

Energy in the direction they are travelling

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2
Q

What happens when waves travel through a medium

A

The particles of the medium oscillate and transfer energy between each other.
But the particles stay in the same place, only energy is transferred

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3
Q

What do waves have

A

Amplitude, wavelength and frequency

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4
Q

What is amplitude

A

Maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position

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5
Q

What is wavelength

A

Distance between the same point on two adjacent waves e.g. between the trough of one wave and the trough of the wave next to it.

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6
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of complete waves passing a certain point per second

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7
Q

What is frequency measured in

A

Hertz (Hz)
1 Hz is 1 wave per second

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8
Q

What is the period of a wave

A

Amount of time it takes for a full cycle of the wave to pass a point

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9
Q

How do you calculate a period

A

Using the frequency of the wave and this formula:
Period = 1 ÷ Frequency
(s) (Hz)

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10
Q

What are the two types of waves

A

Transverse and longitudinal

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11
Q

What is a transverse wave

A

The oscillations (vibrations) are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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12
Q

Most waves are transverse including:

A

All electromagnetic waves e.g. light
Ripples and waves in water
A wave on a string

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13
Q

What is a longitudinal wave

A

The oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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14
Q

Examples of longitudinal waves include:

A

Sound waves in air, ultrasound
Shock waves e.g. some seismic waves

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15
Q

What is wavespeed

A

The speed at which energy is being transferred (or speed at which the wave is moving at)

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16
Q

Wave speed =
(m/s)

A

Frequency × Wavelength
(Hz) (m)

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17
Q

Use an oscillope to measure…

A

Speed of sound

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18
Q

All waves can be…

A

Absorbed, transmitted or reflected

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19
Q

When a wave arrives at a boundary between two different materials three things can happen: Absorbed

A

Wave is absorbed by second material transferring energy to the material’s energy stores.
Often transferred to thermal energy which leads to heating

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20
Q

When a wave arrives at a boundary between two different materials three things can happen: Transmitted

A

Wave is transmitted through the second material - waves carry on travelling through the new material.
Often leads to refraction.
Used in communications and lenses of glasses and cameras

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21
Q

When a wave arrives at a boundary between two different materials three things can happen: Reflected

A

Wave is reflected - incoming wave is neither absorbed nor transmitted, but instead ‘sent back’ away from the second material

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22
Q

What is refraction

A

Waves changing direction at a boundary

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23
Q

Refraction

What happens when a wave crosses a boundary between two materials

A

It changes speed

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24
Q

Refraction

What happens if the wave is travelling along the normal

A

Change speed but it’s not refracted

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25
Refraction What happens if a wave hits the boundary at an angle
It changes direction - it is refracted
26
Refraction The wave bends _______ the normal if it slows down
Towards
27
Refraction The wave bends ____ ____ the normal if it speeds up
Away from
28
Refraction What is optical density
Measure of how quickly light can travel through a material
29
Refraction The higher the optical density the...
Slower the light waves travel through it
30
Refraction The wavelength of a wave changes when it is refracted but the frequency...
Stays the same
31
What are rays
Straight lines that are perpendicular to wave fronts. They show the direction a wave is travelling in
32
What is the angle of incidence
The angle between the ray and the normal
33
What is the angle of refraction
The angle between the refracted ray and the normal.
34
What is smaller: the angle of incidence OR the angle of refraction
The angle of refraction
35
What is a wave front
A line showing all the points on a wave that are in the same position as each other after a given number of wavelengths
36
Electromagnetic waves transfer energy from a source to an...
Abdorber
37
All EM waves travel at the ____ speed through air or a ______
Same, vacuum (space)
38
EM waves form a _______ spectrum over a range of frequencies
Continuous
39
EM waves Colours of visible light
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violent
40
EM waves Left of visible light is...
Infra red Micro waves Radio waves
41
EM waves Radio waves have the
Smallest frequency and biggest wavelength
42
EM waves Right of visible light is...
Ultra violet X - rays Gamma rays
43
EM waves Gamma rays have the...
Biggest frequency and the smallest wavelength
44
EM waves The human eye can only see
Visible light
45
EM waves EM waves travel at different speeds in different materials which can lead to...
Refraction
46
How can you produce radio waves
Using an alternating current in an electrical circuit
47
The object in which charges (electrons) oscilate to create the radio waves is called a...
Transmitter
48
When transmitted radio waves reach a receiver, the radio waves are...
Absorbed
49
Radio waves are EM radiation with wavelengths longer than about
10cm
50
Radio waves are mainly used for
Communication
51
What is the ionosphere
An electrically charged layer in the earth's upper atmosphere
52
Bluetooth
Uses short wave radio waves to send data over story distances between devices without wires
53
Microwaves are used by...
Satellites
54
Microwave ovens also use
Microwaves
55
Infra red radiation can be used to...
Monitor temperature
56
Infra red radiation is given out by...
All objects. The hotter the object the more IR radiation it gives out
57
Infra red radiation acn also be used to...
Increase temperature
58
Absorbing infra red radiation causes objects to get
Hotter
59
Fibre optic cables use ___________ to transmit data
Visible light
60
What are optical fibres
Thin glass or plastic fibres that can carry data over long distances as pulses of visible light
61
How do optical fibres work
Reflection Light rays are bounced back and fourth until they reach the end of the fibre
62
Light is not easily absorbed or scattered it travels as a...
Fibre
63
Ultra violet radiation gives you a...
Suntan
64
X rays and Gamma rays are used in...
Medicine
65
Dangers of EM waves Low frequency waves like radio waves don't transfer much energy so mostly...
Pass through soft tissue without being absorbed
66
Dangers of EM waves High frequency waves like UV, X rays and Gamma all tranfer lots of energy so can cause...
Lots of damage
67
Dangers of EM waves UV radiation damages _________ which leads to sunburn and can cause ________
Surface cells, skin cancer or blindness
68
Dangers of EM waves X rays and Gamma rays are types of _______ radiation
Ionising
69
Dangers of EM waves X rays and Gamma rays can cause
Gene mutation or cell destruction and cancer
70
What is radiation dose
Measure of the risk of harm from the body being exposed to radiation
71
What is radiation dose measure in
Sieverts
72
1 Sv (sievert) =
1000 mSv (millisieverts)
73
Infrared radiation is emmited from the
Surface of an object
74
Every object absorbs and emits
Infrared radiation
75
You can investigate infrared radiation emissions with a...
Leslie cube
76
What is a Leslie cube
A hollow watertight metal cube made of aluminium those 4 vertical faces have different surfaces
Physics
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