What is density?
Density is the mass per unit volume
What is the equation for density?
Density = mass/ volume
What are the steps to find the density of an irregular solid?
- find the mass of your object
- fill the eureka can up to the spout allow the excess to drain out into your beaker throw the excess water away
- place the object gently into the eureka can and collect the displaced water in the beaker
- use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of the displaced water
- calculate the density
What is the conservation of matter?
The number of particles does not change only the state so the mass remains the same.
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
Solid liquid and gases are made up of particles.
The kinetic particle theory explains the properties of the different states of matter.
The particles in solids liquids and gases have different amounts of energy they are arranged differently and move in different ways
What is the arrangement of particles in a solid liquid and gas?
Solid- regular pattern, very close together, fixed arrangement
Liquid- close together, random arrangement
Gas- random arrangement, far apart from each other
What is the movement of particles in a solid liquid and gas?
Solid- stay in fixed position, vibrate in one place
Liquid- flows fills the shape of its container, fixed volume
Gas- move quickly in all directions
What are the changes of state?
Gas to solid = deposition
Solid to gas = sublimation
Gas to liquid = condensing
Liquid to gas = evaporation/boiling
Solid to liquid = melting
Liquid to solid = solidification/freezing
What is melting point?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
What is boiling point?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
What effect do impurities have on melting and boiling points?
Impurities in a substance affect the boiling and freezing point of a substance
What is internal energy?
The particles in a substance have energy this is called internal energy this relates to the particles motion and position.
Internal energy is the total kinetics and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system
What is specific latent heat?
The energy transferred when a substance changes state
What are the two types of latent heat?
Specific latent heat of fusion
Specific latent heat of vaporisation
What is the specific latent heat of fusion?
Specific latent heat of fusion refers to the energy supplied to change 1kg of a substance from solid state into a liquid state
What is the equation for the specific latent heat of fusion?
Lf = E/m
What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?
The energy supplied to change 1kg of a substance from liquid state to gaseous state
What is the equation for latent heat of vaporisation?
Lv= E/m
What is gas pressure?
Gas pressure is caused by random collisions of particles against any surface that the gas comes in contact with.
Gas pressure acts in all directions equally
What is Brownian motion?
Brownian motion is random uncontrolled unpredictable movement of particles in a fluid as they constantly collide with other molecules
What is Boyles law?
Richard Boyle discovered that at fixed temperature the volume and pressure of a certain mass of has were inversely proportional
PV = constant
Provided that temperature and mass of the gas are constant
