What are the 4 means of transmission of HIV/AIDS
Sexual intercourse
Contaminated needles
Blood transfusions
Childbirth / Pregnancy
What are the 2 types of HIV
HIV 1 - Occurs in West Africa, less likely to transmit
HIV 2
What are the 3 AIDS-defining illnesses
Extrapulmonary TB
Pneumonia
Wasting syndrome
What are the 4 biological factors affecting HIV infection
Infection with other STIs - Quality of STD treatment is lower in developing countries -> More infections
Gender -> Women more likely
Male circumcision
Natural resistance
What are the 3 sexual factors affecting HIV infection
Gender inequality
Transactional sex
Partner concurrency
What are the 2 socioeconomic factors affecting HIV infection
Education
Poverty - urban vs rural areas
What are the 4 stages of HIV
1 and 2: Minor symptoms -> swollen glands and skin rashes
3: Weight loss, diarrhea and oral infection
4: AIDS
What are the 3 treatments for HIV
ARVS and HAART
Prophylaxis aka treatment to prevent the onset of opportunistic infections
Micronutrient supplementation
What are the 8 strategies for preventing HIV and AIDS
Info campaigns
Voluntary counselling
STD treatment improvements
Prevent transmission from mother to child
HAART and ARVS
Vaccines
Distribute condoms
Group level reduction
What were the 4 points from which the THEMBISA model was formed
ASSA aids and demographic
NSP ART need
UCT Paediatric HIV
STI-HIV interaction
Who developed the THEMBISA model
Leigh Johnson
Rob Dorrington
How was COVID spread
Droplets and aerosol
What were the 3 preventions of COVID
High-flow nasal oxygen
Ventilators
Dexamethasone which is a steriod
What is the SEIR model
Susceptible (Not yet been infected)
Exposed, in the incubation period between exposure and infection
Infected (Can infect the susceptible population)
Removed (Recovered or dead)
What were COVID’s 8 effects on the Life insurance industry
Adverse mortality experience
More claimants than expected
Effect on investments -> Changes in interest rate
Increased administration costs
Inability to recoup initial expenses
Lapses and surrenders
Underwriting
Products sold
What is an epidemiological model
It models the spread and consequences of an infectious disease
