Parathyroid

Question 1

What does parathyroid regulate?

Answer 1

• Calcium

- Minerals

Question 2

What effect does calcium have on the body?

Answer 2

• Bone

- Muscle function

Question 3

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

Answer 3

-Posterior surface of the thyroid

Question 4

Is parathyroid hormone protein bound?

Answer 4

No- travels freely in the plasma

Question 5

How is parathyroid hormone controlled?

Answer 5

-By calcium concentration in the extracellular fluid compartment

Question 6

When calcium is low, PTH…

Answer 6

is secreted

Question 7

When calcium is high, PTH…

Answer 7

is not secreted

Question 8

What usually causes hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 8

-Tumor (benign or malignant)

Question 9

What is the result of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 9

Hypercalcemia

Question 10

What can hypercalcemia do?

Answer 10

• Produce muscular and neurological effects

- Increase kidney stones

Question 11

Describe labs for hyperparathyroidism

Answer 11

-Elevated PTH and calcium

Question 12

What causes hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 12

-Inadvertent removal of the parathyroid glands during neck surgery

Question 13

What is the result of decreased hypoparathyroidism

Answer 13

• Decreased PTH secretion

- Hypocalcemia

Question 14

What can hyperparathyroidism cause?

Answer 14

• Bone disease
• Weak bones by osteoporosis
• Increased fracture risk
• Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
• Constipation, gallstones, peptic ulcers
• Depression, lethargy, seizures
• Weakness and fatigue

Question 15

What can hypoparathyroidism cause?

Answer 15

• Tetany
• Neuromuscular irritability
• muscle spasm
• numbness
• tingling
• mental status change
• Ocular disease
• Dental abnormalities (defective enamel and root formation)