Variation in Lab tetsing

Question 1

Physiological state changes may result in…

Answer 1

abnormal lab tests

Question 2

Meals stimulate the production of…

Answer 2

Gastric acid

Question 3

What happens to HCl, pH, and plasma chloride concentration when you eat?

Answer 3

• Decrease HCl
• Increases pH
• Decrease plasma Cl

Question 4

What does glucose absorption do?

Answer 4

• Stimluates the release of insulin
• Insulin causes the uptake of K into cells
• Decreasing plasma K levels (hypokalemia)

Question 5

Non-fasting samples may result in _____ test results?

Answer 5

Abnormal

Question 6

When are the most reproducible test results obtained?

Answer 6

When the patient is fasting for 8-12 hours

Question 7

What effects does stress have on test results?

Answer 7

Stress increases your BV, and then increased your BP

-Increased BV causes a dilution of plasma proteins

Question 8

As a clinician, what should you do if your patient is under stress?

Answer 8

Don’t order elective testing if your patient is under stress

Question 9

Describe the effects of exercising

Answer 9

Patients who exercise regularly have increased levels of plasma enzymes

Question 10

What are examples of plasma enzymes?

Answer 10

• Creatinine kinase
• Asparate aminotransferase
• Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 11

Where are plasma enzymes found?

Answer 11

The liver

Question 12

What are high levels of plasma enzymes often confused with?

Answer 12

Liver disease

Question 13

Describe cyclic variation

Answer 13

Reproducible patterns of alteration in physiologic state that occur at specific days, months, or year

Question 14

What is an example of cyclic variation?

Answer 14

Pituitary hormones

Question 15

What type of variation do pituitary hormones demonstrate?

Answer 15

Ultradian variation

Question 16

Define Ultradian variation

Answer 16

Variation occurring in less than a day

Question 17

How are pituitary hormones released?

Answer 17

Episodic bursts (results in periods of peaks and valleys)

Question 18

Example of cyclic variation

Answer 18

Cholesterol is 25% higher during the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle

Question 19

What effect do diaretics have?

Answer 19

They pull of fluid, sodium, and potassium

Question 20

What happens when a patient is in an upright position?

Answer 20

• Water and electrolytes are lost from the vascular space

- Proteins and protein bound substances become very concentrated

Question 21

What happens when you go from a sitting to a supine position?

Answer 21

Water and electrolytes move back into the vascular space

-Reduces the concentration of proteins by 10-15%

Question 22

What happens if you have high venous pressure?

Answer 22

• The return of water and electrolytes to venous blood is impaired
• This increases the concentration of proteins and protein bound substances

Question 23

How much does concentration increase after 3-5 minutes of tourniquet time?

Answer 23

5%

Question 24

How much does concentration increase after 10-15 minutes of tourniquet time?

Answer 24

15%

Question 25

As venous pressure remains high, circulation of fresh blood ______

Answer 25

Decreases

Question 26

What happens when the circulation of fresh blood decreases?

Answer 26

The cells continue metabolizing and the glucose decreases and lactate increases

Question 27

What does increased lactate result in?

Answer 27

Acidosis

Question 28

What does acidosis do to potassium?

Answer 28

Leads to leakage of K from cells, and elevates serum K levels

Question 29

What happens when you clench your fists?

Answer 29

Accelerates the rate that metabolic changes occur | -Increases serum K by 1-1.5 mmol/L in 1 minute

Question 30

If a patient has an IV, where do you take the blood sample from?

Answer 30

-Below where the IV is placed

Question 31

What color is the tube for... CBC?

Answer 31

Lavender

Question 32

What color is the tube for... metabolic panels

Answer 32

Red

Question 33

What color is the tube for... lipid profiles

Answer 33

red

Question 34

What color is the tube for...Thyroid function tests

Answer 34

red

Question 35

What color is the tube for... coagulation studies

Answer 35

blue