part 2

Question 1

Spilling Breakers

Answer 1

gradual, small waves common on the east coast of the U.S.

Question 2

Plunging Breakers

Answer 2

moderate breaking waves with a steeper slope

Question 3

Surging Surf

Answer 3

powerful surf resulting from abrupt shoaling, common on the west coast

Question 4

Prevailing Westerlies

Answer 4

dominant winds in North America that blow from west to east

Question 5

Tsunami

Answer 5

large, long-wavelength waves caused by submarine disturbances like earthquakes

Question 6

Flood Tide

Answer 6

term for high tide

Question 7

Ebb Tide

Answer 7

term for low tide

Question 8

Spring Tides

Answer 8

tides with the highest tidal range, occurring during new and full moons

Question 9

Neap Tides

Answer 9

tides with the smallest tidal range, occurring during the first and third quarters of the moon

Question 10

Tidal Range

Answer 10

difference in height between high (flood) and low (ebb) tides

Question 11

Semidiurnal Tidal Pattern

Answer 11

two equal high and low tides each day

Question 12

Diurnal Tidal Pattern

Answer 12

one high and one low tide each day

Question 13

Tidal Bore

Answer 13

wave created by tides that moves up a river, common in Bay of Fundy, Canada

Question 14

Bay of Fundy

Answer 14

region in Canada known for the largest tidal range in the world

Question 15

Geosphere

Answer 15

earth’s solid layer, affected by gravitational pull of the sun and moon

Question 16

Terrestrial Landscape Environments

Answer 16

land environments including forests, mountains, and deserts

Question 17

Marine Landscape Environments

Answer 17

ocean and sea environments

Question 18

Transitional Landscape Environments

Answer 18

coastal areas where land and ocean meet

Question 19

Coast

Answer 19

area of the continent directly affected by the ocean

Question 20

Shore

Answer 20

precise area where land meets ocean

Question 21

Tectonic Plates

Answer 21

large pieces of Earth’s crust that move and cause geological activity

Question 22

Subduction Zone

Answer 22

area where one tectonic plate moves under another

Question 23

Oceanic-Oceanic Subduction

Answer 23

occurs when two oceanic plates collide, forming trenches

Question 24

Continental-Continental Collision

Answer 24

collision of two continental plates, creating mountains

Question 25

Hydrologic Cycle

Answer 25

cycle describing the movement of water between ocean, land, and atmosphere

Question 26

Evaporation

Answer 26

process where water changes from liquid to vapor

Question 27

Condensation

Answer 27

process where water vapor cools and changes to liquid

Question 28

Precipitation

Answer 28

process where condensed water falls to earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail

Question 29

Runoff

Answer 29

water flow that moves from land to bodies of water

Question 30

Infiltration

Answer 30

process where water soaks into the ground

Question 31

Water Table

Answer 31

upper boundary of groundwater saturation

Question 32

Aquifer

Answer 32

underground layer of water-bearing rock or sediment

Question 33

Spring

Answer 33

water flow from the ground due to groundwater pressure

Question 34

Artesian Well

Answer 34

well in which water flows naturally to the surface due to pressure

Question 35

Desalination

Answer 35

process of removing salt from seawater to produce freshwater

Question 36

Thermohaline Circulation

Answer 36

global ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity differences

Question 37

Upwelling

Answer 37

upward movement of deep, nutrient-rich water to the surface

Question 38

Downwelling

Answer 38

downward movement of surface water to deeper layers

Question 39

Ocean Acidification

Answer 39

increase in ocean acidity due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO₂

Question 40

Carbonate Buffering

Answer 40

system in the ocean that stabilizes pH by balancing carbonate and bicarbonate ions

Question 41

Coral Bleaching

Answer 41

stress response in coral where they expel symbiotic algae and turn white

Question 42

Photic Zone

Answer 42

ocean layer where sunlight can penetrate and support photosynthesis(MOST SUNLIGHT)

Question 43

Twilight Zone

Answer 43

another term for the disphotic zone, where light begins to diminish

Question 44

Benthic Zone

Answer 44

ocean floor environment, home to organisms adapted to low light

Question 45

Pelagic Zone

Answer 45

open ocean area not near the coast or ocean floor

Question 46

Estuary

Answer 46

coastal area where freshwater from rivers meets and mixes with seawater

Question 47

Mangroves

Answer 47

coastal ecosystems with salt-tolerant trees, protecting coastlines from erosion

Question 48

Kelp Forest

Answer 48

dense underwater areas of kelp providing habitat for marine life

Question 49

Thermocline Layer

Answer 49

layer of water with a rapid temperature gradient

Question 50

Sea Breeze

Answer 50

daytime wind from sea to land caused by temperature differences

Question 51

Land Breeze

Answer 51

nighttime wind from land to sea as land cools faster than the sea

Question 52

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

Answer 52

climate pattern causing variations in ocean and atmospheric conditions

Question 53

Anthropogenic Changes

Answer 53

environmental changes resulting from human activity

Question 54

Ship bounces sound into the ocean and microphone picks up echo 4 seconds later. How deep is the ocean floor?

Answer 54

2 miles (2 seconds down and 2 seconds up)

Question 55

Cup of water and amount of salt is not changed, therefore the salinity did not change. True or False?

Answer 55

False (adding or removing water changes salinity)

Question 56

Which of the following could possibly cause a tsunami?

Answer 56

All of the above (submarine landslide, volcanic eruption, earthquake)

Question 57

Which of the following is most likely to cause a tsunami?

Answer 57

Submarine dip-slip earthquake