Part 2

Question 1

What are the four parts of a grape?

Answer 1

Whole bunch, stem, pulp, and pips/seeds

Question 2

What does the stalk contain?

Answer 2

Tannins

Question 3

What does the skin contain?

Answer 3

Tannins, colour, yeast

Question 4

What does the pulp contain?

Answer 4

Sugar, acids, minerals, water

Question 5

What do pips contain?

Answer 5

Bitter oils and tannins

Question 6

Main controls in winemaking?

Answer 6

Weight, sugar, hygiene, quality control

Question 7

What is must?

Answer 7

Freshly crushed grape juice including skins and seeds

Question 8

Why press white wine quickly?

Answer 8

Avoid tannin and colour extraction

Question 8

Why ferment skins in red wine?

Answer 8

Extract colour, tannins, flavour

Question 8

Why not seal fermentation tanks?

Answer 8

CO2 must escape

Question 9

What is fermentation?

Answer 9

Conversion of sugar into alcohol and CO2 by yeast

Question 10

Red fermentation temperature?

Answer 10

25–32°C

Question 10

What happens if sealed?

Answer 10

Wine becomes sparkling

Question 11

White fermentation temperature?

Answer 11

15–22°C

Question 12

What is removed during racking?

Answer 12

Lees and grape particles

Question 13

Role of SO2?

Answer 13

Antiseptic and antioxidant

Question 14

MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION What happens?

Answer 14

Malic acid converts to lactic acid

Question 14

MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION Purpose?

Answer 14

Lower acidity, soften wine

Question 14

What is fining?

Answer 14

Adding substances to remove impurities

Question 15

MALOLACTIC FERMENTATION Typical flavours?

Answer 15

Butter, cream, cheese

Question 16

Is maturation mandatory?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What is blending?

Answer 17

Mixing wines to improve style

Question 18

Why rest after bottling?

Answer 18

Stabilization

Question 19

How is rosé made?

Answer 19

Short skin contact with black grapes

Question 20

What is orange wine?

Answer 20

White grapes fermented with skins

Question 21

CORK & STORAGE Ideal humidity?

Answer 21

60–70%

Question 22

CORK & STORAGE Ideal temperature?

Answer 22

10–15°C

Question 23

Why store horizontally?

Answer 23

Keep cork moist

Question 24

What determines ageing potential?

Answer 24

Balance of acid, tannin, alcohol, sugar

Question 25

What is sparkling wine?

Answer 25

Wine with significant CO2

Question 26

Main methods to make sparkling wine?

Answer 26

Traditional, Tank, Carbonation

Question 27

In the traditional method where is second fermentation?

Answer 27

In bottle

Question 28

What is added in the tradicional method?

Answer 28

Sugar and yeast (liqueur de tirage)

Question 29

Why age on lees in the traditional method?

Answer 29

Complexity

Question 30

What are the main grapes of the champagne?

Answer 30

Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier, Chardonnay

Question 31

Minimum ageing of the champagne?

Answer 31

15 months

Question 32

Vintage lees ageing of the champagne?

Answer 32

36 months

Question 33

What is dosage?

Answer 33

Wine and sugar added after disgorging

Question 34

Where is second fermentation in the tank method?

Answer 34

Pressure tank

Question 35

Result of the tank method?

Answer 35

Dry sparkling wine

Question 36

Late harvest characteristics?

Answer 36

Higher sugar, lower water, lower acidity

Question 37

Noble rot fungus?

Answer 37

Botrytis Cinerea

Question 38

Noble rot flavours?

Answer 38

Honey, saffron, ginger, beeswax

Question 39

Harvest temperature of Eiswein?

Answer 39

Below -7°C

Question 40

Style of Eiswein?

Answer 40

Sweet, fruity, high acidity

Question 41

Why fortify wine?

Answer 41

Preservation

Question 42

Alcohol level of a fortified wine?

Answer 42

15-20%

Question 43

Port origin of a fortified wine?

Answer 43

Douro, Portugal

Question 44

Sherry grapes?

Answer 44

Palomino, Pedro Ximenez, Moscatel

Question 45

Sherry ageing system?

Answer 45

Solera

Question 46

What are the main varieties of international grapes?

Answer 46

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah/Shiraz, Riesling

Question 47

Tuscany grape?

Answer 47

Sangiovese

Question 48

Piemonte grapes?

Answer 48

Nebbiolo, Barbera

Question 49

Rioja main grape?

Answer 49

Tempranillo

Question 50

Cataluña sparkling wine?

Answer 50

Cava

Question 51

Rias Baixas grape?

Answer 51

Albariño

Question 52

Main varieties of grapes in Switzerland?

Answer 52

Chasselas, Pinot Noir, Gamay, Merlot

Question 53

Valais indigenous grapes?

Answer 53

Petite Arvine, Amigne, Cornalin, Humagne Rouge

Question 54

Argentina flagship grape?

Answer 54

Malbec

Question 55

Chile flagship rediscovered grape?

Answer 55

Carmenère

Question 56

South African cross grape?

Answer 56

Pinotage

Question 57

California flagship grape?

Answer 57

Zinfandel

Question 58

EU main categories?

Answer 58

PDO and PGI

Question 59

PDO requirement?

Answer 59

100% grapes from area

Question 60

PGI requirement?

Answer 60

85% from area

Question 61

What is a table wine?

Answer 61

Wine without GI

Question 62

What information is on label?

Answer 62

Producer, name, vintage, origin, grape, alcohol level

Question 63

What are the main diseases?

Answer 63

Japanese beetle detected in valais in 2023, Suzuki fly & Phylloxera pest

Question 64

What is Phylloxera?

Answer 64

A microscopic pest that eats roots of vine, brought to Europe from North America in the 19th Century

Question 65

What does PDO stand for?

Answer 65

Protected Designation of Origin

Question 66

What does PGI stand for?

Answer 66

Protected Geographical Indication

Question 67

What does GI stand for?

Answer 67

Geographical Indication