part 6

Question 1

What are the causes of anemia caused acute blood loss?

Answer 1

trauma
surgery complications
diseases that disrupt vascular integrity
hypovolemic shock

Question 2

What are the clinical manifestations of acute blood loss anemia (more important that lab values)

Answer 2

• pain: internal hemorrhage
• retropertoneal bleeding: numbness, pain in lower extremities
• shock

Question 3

What can happen with the labs for acute blood loss?

Answer 3

• values may be high or normal for 2-3 days

- once plasma is replaced low RBCs will become evident

Question 4

What are some sources of chronic blood loss?

What is the management?

Answer 4

bleeding ulcer
hemorrhoids
menstrual and postmenopausal blood loss

ID the source
stop the bleeding
provide supplemental iron

Question 5

• destruction/hemolysis of RBCs at a rate that exceeds production
• caused by problems intrinsic (heredity: defects in RBCs themselves) or extrinsic to the RBCs
• specific manifestations: jaundice (elevated bilirubin), enlarged spleen and liver
• maintenance of renal function is major focus of treatment
• results from: physical destruction, antibody reactions, and infectious agents and toxins

Answer 5

hemolytic anemia

Question 6

What are the 3 types of acquired hemolytic anemia?

Answer 6

physical destruction
antibody reactions
infectious agents and toxins

Question 7

• physical destruction of RBCs from extreme force
  causes: hemodialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass, prosthetic heart valves, abnormal vessels
• fragmentation/destruction as the RBCs pass through abnormal artery or vein microcirculation
• excess platelet aggregation and/or fibrin polymer formation (seen in thrombotic thrombocytopenia purport and disseminated intravascular coagulation)

Answer 7

acquired hemolytic anemia physical destruction

Question 8

antibodies may destroy RBCs by mechanisms involved in antigen-antibody reactions

Answer 8

acquired hemolytic anemia antibodies

Question 9

• causes hemolysis in 3 ways:
• invade RBC and destroy (parasite like malaria)
• release hemolytic substances (clostridium)
• generate an antigen-antibody reaction (mycoplasm pneumonia)

Answer 9

acquired hemolytic anemia infectious agents

Question 10

What is the treatment for acquired hemolytic anemia?

Answer 10

• supporitive care
• alternate rest and activity
• hydration, electrolyte replacement, corticosteroids, blood products, splenectomy
• folic acid and immunosuppressive agents for chronic conditions