Path 3 Esophagus

Question 1

Esophagus lining

Answer 1

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

Question 2

Most common congenital anomaly

Answer 2

• Tracheoesophageal Fistulas

- Commonly with atresia

Question 3

Scleroderma

Answer 3

• Autoimmune disease

- Systemically affects Esophagus, Kidneys, Heart, and Lungs

Question 4

Zenker diverticulum

Answer 4

• Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum

- Immediately above upper esophageal sphincter

Question 5

Traction diverticulum

Answer 5

Mid esophagus

Question 6

Epiphrenic diverticulum

Answer 6

Right above diaphragm

Question 7

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Answer 7

• Iron deficiency anemia
• Esophageal web
• Atrophic glossitis (beefy red tongue)

Question 8

Esophageal Webs

Answer 8

• Women >40

- Increased risk for SQC

Question 9

Mallory-Weiss Tear

Answer 9

• Laceration at gastroesophageal junction
• Caused by wretched vomiting
• High risk of transmural rupture

Question 10

Boerhaave syndrome

Answer 10

Esophageal rupture -> air in mediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema

Question 11

Esophageal Varices

Answer 11

-Increased portal pressure

Question 12

Odynophagia

Answer 12

Pain on swallowing

Question 13

Nutcracker Esophagus

Answer 13

• Excessively strong contractions
• Associated with GERD (Tx same)
• Outer longitudinal contracts independently from inner circular

Question 14

Diffuse Esophageal Spasms

Answer 14

-Diffuse uncoordinated peristalsis

Question 15

Achalasia

Answer 15

• Absence of peristalsis and failure of LES relaxation

- Due to myenteric ganglion cell damage

Question 16

Achalasia secondary causes

Answer 16

• Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

- Infiltrative malignancy, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma

Question 17

Achalasia xray appearance

Answer 17

Bird-beak sign on barium swallow

Question 18

Chagas Disease

Answer 18

• T. cruzi

- Destruction of autonomic nervous system in GI and Heart

Question 19

CMV v Herpes histology

Answer 19

Cytoplasmic v Nuclear inclusions

Question 20

Most common esophagitis

Answer 20

Reflux esophagitis due to absent LES tone

Question 21

GERD histology

Answer 21

Intraepithelial eosinophils and neutrophils

Question 22

GERD Tx

Answer 22

PPI, H2-R antagonists

Question 23

Barrett esophagus change

Answer 23

Squamous -> columnar, goblet

intestinal metaplasia

Question 24

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 24

• Lower 1/3 of esophagus
• From GERD
• Caucasian men

Question 25

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Answer 25

- Upper or middle 1/3 of esophagus - From alcohol, tobacco, Achalasia, Esophageal Web, chemical injury - African American men

Question 26

Esophageal cancer with hoarseness and cough

Answer 26

Squamous Cell Carcinoma