Path: Hematolymphoid System

Question 1

What is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and distinctive morphologic changes including abnormally large erythroid precursors and erythrocytes?

Answer 1

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 2

Megaloblastic anemias are related to impairment of ___ ______.

Answer 2

DNA synthesis

Question 3

What are the two important deficiency causes of megaloblastic anemias?

Answer 3

Vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency

Question 4

______ and _____ are coenzymes that are required fro synthesis of thymidine, one of the four bases in DNA.

Answer 4

Vitamin B12 and folic acid

Question 5

What is a specific from of megaloblastic anemia caused by autoimmune gastritis and antibodies to intrinsic factor leading to vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 5

Pernicious anemia

Question 6

Clinically in pernicious anemia, changes are found in the __ ____, ______, and in the _____ _____

Answer 6

Bone marrow, GIT, and nervous system

Question 7

How are RBCs in megaloblastic anemias?

Answer 7

Macrocytic and oval

Question 8

How are neutrophils in megaloblastic anemias?

Answer 8

Larger than normal (>5 to 6 nuclear lobules)

Question 9

How is reticulocyte count in megaloblastic anemias?

Answer 9

Low

Question 10

A deficiency of folic acid results in a _____ anemia having similar characteristics as that caused by vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 10

Megaloblastic

Question 11

Do neurologic changes occur in anemia of folate deficiency?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Total body iron content in males

Answer 12

Normally 6 gm

Question 13

Total body iron content normally in females?

Answer 13

2.5 gm

Question 14

Functional iron is mainly in _______.

Answer 14

Hemoglobin

Question 15

Storage pool of iron is represented by _____ and ______.

Answer 15

Hemosiderin and ferritin

Question 16

Free iron is highly toxic, so iron is tightly bound in the storage pool to ______ or _______.

Answer 16

Ferritin or Hemosiderin

Question 17

Iron deficiency anemia clinical features:

Answer 17

Pica
Kolionychia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Question 18

What is pica?

Answer 18

An abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint or hair follicles… ew

Question 19

What is kolionychia?

Answer 19

Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out

Question 20

What is Plummer- Vinson Syndrome?

Answer 20

Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia

Question 21

What is the #1 cause of iron deficiency anemia in men over 50?

Answer 21

Colon cancer

Question 22

3 things that may cause anemia of chronic disease.

Answer 22

Chronic microbial infections
Chronic immune disorders
Neoplasms

Question 23

Pathogensis in anemia of chronic disease

Answer 23

Inflammation -> IL6 -> increase hepcidin -> binds ferroportin-> inhibit iron transport -> decrease releases of iron from macrophages

Question 24

How is serum iron and ferritin in anemia of chronic disease?

Answer 24

Decreased serum iron
Increased ferritin

Question 25

Leukocytosis: increased number of _____ in the blood

Answer 25

Neutrophils

Question 26

Causes of leukocytosis

Answer 26

Acute inflammation, IL-6 and Il-1 in bacterial infection

Question 27

Neoplasm of blood forming cells

Answer 27

Leukemia

Question 28

What form of leukemia is most common in children?

Answer 28

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Question 29

What from of leukemia is most common in adults?

Answer 29

AML

Question 30

What forms of leukemia are most common in the elderly population?

Answer 30

CML and CLL

Question 31

Neoplasm of cells of immune system that affect lymph nodes is called?

Answer 31

Lymphoma

Question 32

Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma commonly affects what age groups?

Answer 32

Adults and elderly

Question 33

Burrito’s lymphoma commonly affects what age?

Answer 33

Children and young adults

Question 34

How are RBCs, WBCs and platelets in acute leukemia?

Answer 34

All decreased

Question 35

Some other clinical manifestions of acute leukemia?

Answer 35

Splenomegaly Hepatomegaly Lymphadenopathy

Question 36

Rare B-cell neoplasm in middle- aged white males that presents with Splenomegaly and appears as fine- hair like projections?

Answer 36

Hairy cell leukemia

Question 37

Primary role of vitamin B12 in hematopoiesis

Answer 37

Required for DNA synthesis in rapidly diving erythroid precursors