Patho Exam

Question 1

Reasons for Cellular Adaptations/Changes

Answer 1

Hormones, environmental Stimulus

Question 2

Atrophy

Answer 2

decrease in cell size

Question 3

hypertrophy

Answer 3

Increase in cell size

Question 4

Hyperplasia

Answer 4

increase in cellular number

Question 5

Metaplasia

Answer 5

Replacing a mature cell with another mature cell

Question 6

Dysplasia

Answer 6

cells vary in shape and size ( most dangerous cellular adaptation)

Question 7

Anaplasia

Answer 7

Cell lose normal stucture and function (abnormal) (undifferentiated)

Question 8

Neoplasia

Answer 8

New and uncontrolled growth of cells (tumors)

Question 9

Angiogenesis

Answer 9

Formation of new blood vessel from pre-existing blood vessels
(helps tumors receive nutrients and O2 to grow)

Question 10

Primary Level of Prevention

Answer 10

Repent disease from happening (vaccine)

Question 11

Secondary Level of Prevention

Answer 11

Prevent recurrence of disease ( baby aspirin for MI)

Question 12

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 12

Prevent complication for chronic disease (insulin for diabetes)

Question 13

Necrosis

Answer 13

death of body cells or tissues

Question 14

Gangrene

Answer 14

Necrotic tissue invaded by bacteria

Question 15

Apoptosis

Answer 15

programmed cell death

Question 16

Ischemia

Answer 16

decrease in O2 in cell (block in blood flow)

Question 17

Hypoxia

Answer 17

decrease in O2 in tissue

Question 18

Chemical toxins (Exogenous )

Answer 18

from environment

Question 19

Chemical toxin (endogenous)

Answer 19

from within

Question 20

diagnosis

Answer 20

Identification of disease

Question 21

Etiology

Answer 21

elements that caused the disease

Question 22

Idiopathic

Answer 22

unknown cause

Question 23

Iatrogenic

Answer 23

Illness/problem caused my medical treatment , procedure, meds

Question 24

Predisposing factors

Answer 24

Factors that increase vulnerability for disease

Question 25

Prophylaxis

Answer 25

steps to prevent a disease or medical problem before it happens.

Question 26

Gross level

Answer 26

Organ/Organ system level

Question 27

Microscopic level

Answer 27

cellular level

Question 28

Biopsy

Answer 28

Excision of small living tissue

Question 29

Pathogenesis

Answer 29

Development of disease

Question 30

Onset of disease

Answer 30

sudden/rapid development of disease

Question 31

acute disease

Answer 31

shot-term disease (developed quickly)

Question 32

Chronic disease

Answer 32

long-term disease(develops slowly)

Question 33

subclinical state

Answer 33

No obvious manfiestation disease is precent

Question 34

Latent state

Answer 34

No symptoms/ signs disease in incubation period

Question 35

Prodromal period

Answer 35

early development sign- nonspecific/ absent

Question 36

Manifestation

Answer 36

Signs and Symps. evident

Question 37

signs

Answer 37

objective information (Nurse see's)

Question 38

Symptoms

Answer 38

Subjective information (Pt tells)

Question 39

Lesions

Answer 39

Changes in bodily tissue

Question 40

syndrome

Answer 40

Collection of signs and symptoms

Question 41

diagnostic

Answer 41

series of medical test

Question 42

remission

Answer 42

Disease get better

Question 43

Excerbation

Answer 43

sudden worsen of disease

Question 44

Precipitory Factor

Answer 44

triggers or brings on a disease, condition, or symptom suddenly.

Question 45

Complication

Answer 45

New problems

Question 46

Sequelae

Answer 46

Potential unwanted outcomes

Question 47

Convalescence/ Rehabilitation

Answer 47

Recovery

Question 48

Morbidity

Answer 48

Disease rate within a group

Question 49

Mortality

Answer 49

Rates of death from disease

Question 50

Epidemiology

Answer 50

Study of disease patterns

Question 51

epidemic

Answer 51

rise in expected cases of disease within an area

Question 52

Pandemic

Answer 52

Rise in a disease cases globally

Question 53

Communicable disease

Answer 53

Spread of disease from on person to another

Question 54

Pain

Answer 54

unpleasant and protective mechanism of defense

Question 55

what does pain do

Answer 55

provides warning to body of possible damage

Question 56

what is pain related to

Answer 56

physical and emotional

Question 57

Is pain subjective or objective

Answer 57

subjective

Question 58

Etiology of pain (causes)

Answer 58

inflammation in tissue lack of oxygen to tissue stretching of tissue (tumor/ edema) trauma

Question 59

Pain pathway

Answer 59

Nociceptors detect PNS send to CNS CNS interpret Response ( chemical, thermal, physical)

Question 60

Pain cues

Answer 60

changed in vital signs emotional expression diaphoresis ( excessive sweating ) Pallor (paleness of skin)

Question 61

Classification of Pain

Question 62

Somatic

Answer 62

Somatic - Bones and muscles Visceral - Organs

Question 63

autopsy

Answer 63

postmortem examination of boy

Question 64

Pyroptosis

Answer 64

cell death that causes inflammation

Question 65

mechanical damage

Answer 65

pressure or treating if tissue

Question 66

chemical damage

Answer 66

extreme cold or hot, radiation exposure

Question 67

temporal headache

Answer 67

pain that stems temporal mandibular region, due to clenching of the jaw

Question 68

cluster headaches

Answer 68

feel It behind onesie of eye sharp pain and nausea