Pathophysiology

Question 1

Factors that worsen insulin resistance

Answer 1

Factors that influence insulin resistance
• Obesity
• Genetics
•Age
•Ketones
•Pregnancy
• Glucose toxicity
•Uremia
• Cancer

Question 2

Causes of CKD in people with diabetes

Answer 2

• diabetic nephropathy
• ischemic nephropathy related to vascular disease
• hypertensive nephro-sclerosis
• other renal diseases that are unrelated to diabetes

Question 3

Glucose threshold at which the body makes insulin

Answer 3

BG > 3.9mmol/L

Question 4

Things that add to insulin resistance

Answer 4

Obesity
T2DM
Hyperglycaemia (so people with t1dm can also struggle with insulin resistance)
Adolescence
Pregnancy

Question 5

How many grams of glucose does the kidneys filter in a day (in a healthy person)?

Answer 5

180g
When plasma glucose is >10mmol/L (renal threshold), extra glucose is excreted into urine
Chronic hyperglycaemia can increase the renal threshold