Pediatric Reflexes

Question 1

protective extension

Answer 1

trunk displaced downward

extension of legs and arms

downward = 4 mo
sideways = 6 mo
forward = 7 mo
backward = 9 mo

Question 2

body righting reaction

• on head
• on body

Answer 2

BOH:
head will orient to vertical when body is moved
begin at 4-6 months and persists

BOB:
rotation of head/thorax initiates rolling of trunk/pelvis for rolling

6-8 months and persists

Question 3

tilting reaction

Answer 3

shift of BOS / displacement of body results in lateral trunk flexion, abduction of extremities, maybe rotation

prone = 5 mo
supine = 7 mo
sitting = 8 mo
quadruped = 12

persisting

Question 4

crossed-extension
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 4

28 wks GA to 1-2 months

noxious stim to unilateral sole of foot

flexion of stimulated LE and extension/adduction of contralateral limb

Question 5

persistence of crossed-extension interferes with

Answer 5

crawling
standing balance
gait

upright motor skills

Question 6

flexor-withdrawal
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 6

28 wks GA to 1-2 months

noxious stimuli to one foot

flexes stimulated LE
- hip/knee flex
- ankle DF

Question 7

if flexor-withdrawal persists, it interferes with

Answer 7

standing balance/gait
– uneven surfaces

abnormal gait patterns

Question 8

positive support reflex
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 8

35wks GA to 1-2 months

standing on balls of feet with firm support

extend LE to accept weight

Question 9

is positive support persists, it affects

Answer 9

standing balance/gait
– PF contractures

squatting/sitting from standing

possible rigid gait pattern

Question 10

galant
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 10

28 wks GA to 3 months

prone positioning, stroke of paraspinals

ipsilateral lateral flexion of lumbar

Question 11

if galant persists, it affects

Answer 11

sitting balance, crawling, creeping, gait and possibly leads to scoliosis

hypersensitivity to clothes/things on the pts back

Question 12

rooting
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 12

28 wks GA to 3 months

stroke cheek toward mouth

head rotates and mouth opens toward stimulus

Question 13

if rooting persists, it affects

Answer 13

controlled head movements for vision
– ADLs / speech
hypersensitivity

Question 14

stepping reflex
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 14

37 GA to 3-4 months

infant upright and supported, lean pt forward

exhibition of high stepping in regular (robot) rhythm

Question 15

if stepping reflex persists, what can it affect

Answer 15

standing balance, volitional walking

upright motor skills

Question 16

tonic labryinthe
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 16

32 wks GA to 4 months

prone with neck flex
or
supine with neck ext

prone = pt goes into flexion
supine = pt goes into extension

Question 17

if tonic-labyrinthe persists, what is affected

Answer 17

antigravity control for mobility development

prone propping, rolling, belly crawling, transitioning to sit

inability to orient head to control posture

Question 18

moro
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 18

28 wks GA to 3-5 months

infant head to drop backward (cervical extension) in a sitting position

pt will abduct/extend BUE and splay fingers

flex and adduct to pull arms close to chest

Question 19

if moro persists, what is affected

Answer 19

sitting balance
standing balance
oversensitive to sensory stim
supine to sit
anything involving quick cervical extension

Question 20

startle
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 20

28 wks to 3-5 months

loud noise, sudden movement, bright light

abduction/extension of BUE, splaying of fingers

flex/adduction of arms pulling close to chest

Question 21

if startle persists, what can be affected

Answer 21

oversensitive/reactive to sensory stimuli

poor motor control in loud environments

sitting/standing balance due to head turning

Question 22

ATNR
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 22

20 wks GA to 4-5 months

rotation of head, ipsilateral UE extension, contralateral UE flexion

Question 23

if ATNR persists, it can affect

Answer 23

prone propping
rolling
belly crawling
hand/eye coordination
visual motor skills
possible torticollis

Question 24

palmar grasp
- time
- stimulus
- response

Answer 24

28wks to 4-7 months

pressure to palm of hand causes grasping

Question 25

if palmar grasp persists, it can affect

Answer 25

fine motor skills weight bearing on hands for propping/pulling belly crawling

Question 26

sucking - time - stimulus - response

Answer 26

28-34 wks GA to 5 months exactly what it sounds like if persists issues with eating, drinking, oral-motor skills

Question 27

head/neck on body - time - stimulus - response

Answer 27

34 wks GA to 4-6 months passive rotation of head in supine, body will follow with trunk rotation

Question 28

body on head - time - stimulus - response

Answer 28

7 mo to 5 years passive rotation of trunk/body -- head follows

Question 29

BOH and BOB persistence will affect

Answer 29

complete voluntary rolling

Question 30

gag - time - if persists

Answer 30

19 wks GA to 6 months if persistent, increased intraoral sensitivity - difficulty eating, speaking

Question 31

symmetrical tonic reflex - time - stimulus - response

Answer 31

5 months to around 8-9 months flexion of head = arms flex, legs extend extension of head = arms extend, legs flex

Question 32

if STNR persists, what can be affected

Answer 32

prone propping belly crawling creeping sitting posture sit to stand balance / gait can lead to W sitting

Question 33

plantar grasp - time - if persistent

Answer 33

28 wks GA to 9 months standing balance, walking, anything WB

Question 34

landau - time - stimulus - response

Answer 34

3-12 months prone neck flexion head and hip extension above horizon

Question 35

babinski time

Answer 35

0-24 months