People

Question 1

Hernán Cortés

Answer 1

Spanish Conquistador and ruler of “New Spain.” Ordered settlers to plant vineyards after the Spanish Conquest. Credited with introducing viticulture to North America.

Question 2

Casa Madero

Answer 2

Oldest winery in North America. Located in Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila. Founded during the early colonial period under Spanish rule. Symbol of Mexico’s deep-rooted viticulture heritage.

Question 3

Modern Figures / Concepts in Mexico

Answer 3

No specific modern individuals named in the text, but the 1970s modernization period is credited to national revival efforts by local producers and the growth of the Valle de Guadalupe (Baja California) as Mexico’s premium wine region.

Question 4

Francisco de Aguirre

Answer 4

Spanish conquistador who planted the first vines in Chile. Introduced Pais grape (from Peru).

Question 5

Wines of Chile

Answer 5

The country’s leading wine trade organization. Played a crucial role in reviving Chile’s reputation for quality wine. Invited UC Davis (University of California) experts to assess vineyards in the 20th century.

Question 6

UC Davis Team

Answer 6

Discovered that Chile’s “Merlot” was actually Carménère, which required three extra weeks of ripening. This reclassification transformed Chile’s wine identity, giving rise to its modern Carménère signature style.

Question 7

Introduction of “Micro-Oxygenation (MOX)”

Answer 7

Technique adopted by Chilean winemakers to soften tannins and reduce long barrel aging. Allowed earlier market release and consistent style.

Question 8

Father Cedrón

Answer 8

Spanish missionary who brought vines from Chile’s Central Valley to Argentina. Planted vineyards in Mendoza for sacramental wine — the beginning of Argentine viticulture.

Question 9

Michel Aimé Pouget

Answer 9

French agronomist hired by Argentine President Domingo Sarmiento to develop viticulture. Brought Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Sauvignon Blanc from France. Founded Argentina’s first vine nursery in Mendoza. April 17 (Malbec Day) celebrates the day Pouget’s project began.

Question 10

Trans-Andean Railway

Answer 10

Connected Mendoza to Buenos Aires, allowing large-scale wine distribution. Sparked wine boom and new winery openings along the route.

Question 11

Hector Greco

Answer 11

Wealthy grape buyer and banker. His bank collapse during the Dirty War triggered the fall of the wine economy in 1979.

Question 12

Flying Winemakers

Answer 12

International consultants (from France, California, etc.) who brought modern New World winemaking techniques. Introduced temperature control, stainless steel, and oak quality focus.

Question 13

National Viticulture Institute

Answer 13

Created DOC, GI, and IP systems, modeled on the French AOC. Formalized quality and regional classification for Argentine wines.

Question 14

Quick Reference Table — Key Names in New World (Module 1)

Answer 14

Country Important Names Contributions Mexico Hernán Cortés Ordered first vineyards planted (1521) Casa Madero (1597) Oldest winery in North America Chile Francisco de Aguirre Planted first vines (Pais grape) UC Davis Team Discovered Carménère misidentification Wines of Chile Modern quality revival and regulation Argentina Father Cedrón Brought first vines from Chile (1556) Michel Aimé Pouget Introduced Malbec & French varieties (1868) Hector Greco Bank collapse during Dirty War (1979) Flying Winemakers Modernized wine techniques (1990s) National Viticulture Institute Created DOC/GI/IP system (1999)