Perception

Question 1

Opponent process theory

Answer 1

• colour perception depends on receptors that make ANTAGONISTIC RESPONSES to three pairs of colors
• Blue/yellow; green/red; white/black

Question 2

Feature Detectors

Answer 2

• neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of more complex stimuli
• Examples: simple cells and complex cells

Question 3

Simple cells

Answer 3

• respond bed to lines of correct width, orientation, and location in receptive field
• Cells will fire differently if you look at a horizontal or vertical water bottle

Question 4

Complex cells

Answer 4

• Respond best to movement of lines in a specific direction

Question 5

What is the goal of visual perception?

Answer 5

• reconstruct the dynamic 3D world around us, from a 2D image

Question 6

Perceptual constancy

Answer 6

• the tendency to experience a stable perception despite continually changing sensory input

Question 7

Distal Stimuli

Answer 7

• stimuli lie in the distance (in the world outside the body)

Question 8

Proximal stimuli

Answer 8

• The stimulus energies that impinge directly on the sensory receptors

Question 9

Perceptual hypothesis

Answer 9

• an inference about which distal stimuli could be responsible for the proximal stimuli senses
• Shape, size, colour constancy helps determine this
• Context matters
• Door example: open door in door frame is distal stimuli, the SHAPE of the open door (not the frame) is what affects our sensory receptors, perception shows what object we identified to have the proximal stimulus effect on our senses (this is SUCH a broken down way of describing this oh my god)
• THE CHT // TAE CAT example (the h/a were the same in-between looking letter but we r able to distinguish them in context

Question 10

Depth perception

Answer 10

• interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are
• Binocular or monocular cues

Question 11

Binocular cues

Answer 11

• cues about distance based on differing views of the 2 eyes
• Retinal disparity (objects project images to slightly different images in each eye)
• Convergence (sensing eyes converge towards each other as they focus on closer objects; cross-eye)

Question 12

Monocular depth cues

Answer 12

• cues about the distance based on the image in either eye alone
• 1) Motion parallax
• 2) Pictorial depth cues

Question 13

Motion parallax

Answer 13

• depth cues resulting from the images of objects at different distances moving across the retina at different rates

Question 14

Pictorial depth cues

Answer 14

• cues about depth that can be given in a picture
• Linear perspective (road), texture gradients, interposition (things in front of other things in a photo), relative size (bigger=closer), height plane, lights &shadow
• There’s still optical illusions (think street chalk) and moon illusions (with light/shadows)