PSYC 213 > Perception (Auditory) > Flashcards

Perception (Auditory) Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

How are sound waves described and measured?

A

Frequency, amplitude, and quality
Measured in Hz

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2
Q

What is sound?

A

Vibration that travels as a pressure wave that compresses and expand air molecules

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3
Q

What does sound oscillate around?

A

An equilibrium point (think of curtains being pushed back and forth by wind until it no longer does)

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4
Q

How does the propagation of motion relate to sound?

A

It allows us to hear

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5
Q

What is compression?

A

Increase of air pressure

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6
Q

What is rarefraction?

A

Decrease of air pressure

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7
Q

Is there a pattern in sound?

A

Yes, certain patterns are associated with specific patterns (observed through plate vibrated with sand)

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8
Q

What consists of the outer ear?

A

Pinna and ear canal

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9
Q

What is the pinna?

A

External part of ear - allows capture of sound

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10
Q

What does the ear canal do?

A

Amplifies sound like a resonating tube

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11
Q

What consists of the middle ear and the order?

A

Eardrum, hammer bone, anvil, and staples

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12
Q

What is the eardrum’s role?

A

Vibrates in response to sound waves

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13
Q

What parts of the ear turn sound waves into mechanical movements?

A

Anvil and staples (movement pushes fluid within long chambers of cochlea)

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14
Q

What consists of the inner ear?

A

Semicircular canals, cochlea, vestibular nerve

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15
Q

What are the semicircular canals involved with?

A

Balance

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16
Q

What is the cochlea involved with?

A

Hearing

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17
Q

What is the vestibular nerve involved with?

A

Transmitting information

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18
Q

What is the basilar membrane?

A

Bony structure that is more narrow towards the end - different resistance along membrane -> different frequencies vibrate certain parts of it (HOW WE HEAR DIFFERENT SOUNDS)

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19
Q

What does the tonotopic map represent?

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A

Shows the different places that respond to different frequencies on the basilar membrane

20
Q

What is the role of hair cells?

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A

Transduce mechanical energy -> chemical energy

21
Q

What characteristic of hair cells correlates with the frequencies it picks up?

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A

Height: taller ones pick up higher frequencies and vice versa

22
Q

What is the role of the efferent part of hair cells?

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A

Base where some neural signaling goes to hair cells

23
Q

What projects to the primary auditory cortex?

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A

Auditory nerve

24
Q

What is the role of the primary auditory cortex?

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A

Processes complex sounds

25
What does Wernicke's area do?
Controls language aspect and production of speech
26
What pathways process auditory information?
Dorsal and ventral
27
What kind of auditory info does the dorsal pathway process?
Sound localization (where)
28
What kind of auditory info does the ventral pathway process?
Sound properties (what)
29
What are other examples of animals detecting sound?
Snakes up up vibrations by their jawbone Mantises detect vibrations in groove on their throat
30
What is frequency?
The physical property of sound, measured in Hz
31
What is pitch?
Perceptual property of sound
32
What is amplitude?
The physical property that correlates with loudness (perceptual property)
33
How does amplitude correlate to loudness?
Higher amplitude = more loud, vice versa
34
What are the three properties of amplitude?
Area, distance, medium
35
What does Equal Loudness Contours mean?
Pitch and frequency interact to shape perception of loudness
36
Which frequencies are human most sensitive to?
1kHz and 5kHz - less sensitive to very low or very high frequencies
37
How do we locate sound?
Through interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural level difference (ILD)
38
What is interaural time difference (ITD)?
Time it takes for sound to reach our ear
39
What is interaural level difference (ILD)?
Difference between our two ears
40
What does grouping mean?
Sounds came from the same source
41
What does Gestalt principles group sound based on?
Similarity - melody stands out when camouflaged Proximity - notes that are of similar tones are streamed together Connectedness - unconnected high and low tones form separated streams
42
What are complex sound waves made of?
Combinations of simple sound waves
43
How do noise-cancelling headphones work?
They produce the opposite frequency of sounds around you
44
What is fundamental frequency?
The lowest frequency component
45
What are harmonics?
Multiples of fundamental frequencies
46
When does our perception of sound change?
When fundamental frequency changes
PSYC 213
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