What is Linguistics?
The study of how a language is made up.
What is articulatory phonics?
What happens in our mouths to physically speak
This is particularly focused on consonants
Linguistically, what is a vowel?
a sound made with completely free air
It is not restricted
Linguistically, what is a consonant?
Restrictions in airflow, vocal tract closes.
What is a voiced sound?
Vocal cords **vibrate **because of air through them and are closed
eg vowels, some consonants (b, d, g, z, v)
What is a voiceless sound?
Vocal cords are open and don’t vibrate - air is free
“whispered” sounds
eg. s, f, p, t, k
What’s an oral sound?
Air only goes through the mouth - the velum (soft palette) is raised
Velum: Posterior between the oral cavity and pharinx (ie the back of the roof of your mouth)
What’s a nasal sound?
Air only exits your nose
nasal = nose
Sometimes, it can come out of the mouth too.
What are the three things to consider when thinking about consonants?
Manner of articulation, place of articulation, voiced or voiceless
Manner and place: How and where airflow is restricted
What is a stop in phonetics?
When the articulatory organs completely stop the flow of air
eg: p, t, k, b, d, g
What is a fricative in phonetics?
When airflow is almost completely restricted and you can hear a friction
frictative = friction
s, f, sh, French j
What’s a bilabial sound in phonetics?
both of your lips touch
Bilabial (lit. two lips)
eg. p, b
What is a labiodental sound in phonetics?
Bottom lip touches upper teeth
dental = teeth
labio = lips
What is a dental sound on phonetics?
Tip of the tounge touches upper teeth
eg. th, the
What is an alveolar sound in phonetics?
Tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge
alveolar ridge = part behind the front teeth, before the hard palette
eg. sh
What is a velar sound in phonetics?
The back of the tongue meets the soft palette (velum)
Velum: at the back between oral cavity and pharinx
eg. c, g
What is an ulvular sound in phonetics?
The tongue goes to the ulvula
Ulvula: The dangling bit at the back of the throat
What is a glottal sound in phonetics?
The epiglottis constricts
Epiglottis: Back of the throat, bottom of the pharynx
What is a semi-vowel/glide in phonetics?
Not much air blockage, vowel before or after
eg. y, w
What’s an affricate in phonetics?
Stop, then a fricative
eg. tch
What is a liquid sound in phonetics?
Some air blockage, doesn’t cause friction
eg. l
What is a front vowel in phonetics?
Tongue moves forward behind the front teeth
What is a back vowel in phonetics?
The back of the tongue towards the** back of the mouth**
What is a high vowel?
The tongue goes high towards the roof of the mouth
