Passive vs Active Articulators
Active moves
Types of Articulators
1) Bilabial
2) Labiodental
3) Dental
4) Alveolar
5) Postalveolar
6) Retroflex
7) Palatal
8) Velar
9) Uvular
10) Pharyngeal
11) Glottal
Voiceless Fricative Spectrums
No appreciated energy at the bottom. Looks like random noise with no formants at the bottom
e.g. s, sh, f
Voiced Fricative Spectrums
Also look like random noise but WITH energy at the bottom (low frequencies)
e.g. v, z
Nasals Spectrums
Very strong low formants
e.g. m, n
Voiceless Plosives Spectrums
In vowel context e.g apa, aca, ata
- Vertical gap in spectrum, some noise between vowels
- Stranger gap = voiceless
Voiced Plosives
Vertical gap with no noise (no energy) vowels
e.g. d, g, b
Noise vs No Noise
Depends on voice onset time VOT
voiced VOT < voiceless VOT
Affricatives
Same concept as VOT
What is Articulation
The constriction of the vocal tract during speech production
Bilabial
- Active articular: Upper and lower lips
- Passive articular: none
e.g. p, b, m
Labiodental
- Active articular: lower lip
- Passive articular: upper front teeth
e.g. f, v
Dental
- Active articular: tongue tip
- Passive articular: upper front teeth
e.g. th
Alveolar
- Active articular: tongue tip or blade
- Passive articular: alveolar ridge
e.g. t, s
Postalveolar
- Active articular: tongue tip or blade
- Passive articular: rear of alveolar ridge
e.g. r
Retroflex
- Active articular: tongue tip
- Passive articular: hard palate
Palatal
- Active articular: tongue front
- Passive articular: hard palate
e.g. j
Velar
- Active articular: tongue back
- Passive articular: soft palate
e.g. k, g
Uvular
- Active articular: tongue back
- Passive articular: uvula
e.g. q
Pharayngeal
- Active articular: tongue root
- Passive articular: real wall of pharynx (throat)
e.g. h
Glottal
- Active articular: vocal folds
- Passive articular: none
e.g. uh
