What is phylogeny
Name given to evolutionary realatuinshio between organisms
What is a phylogeny tress
A diagramnot show how different species have eveolved
Adavantages og phylogenetic classification
1- phylogeny produces a continuos tree whaereas linnean classification requires descrete groups
- Shows how long ago the common ancestors came about
Evidence for evolution
Paleontology
Comparative anatomy
Biochemistry
Evidence provided by fossils (paleontology)
The order in which we find organisms supports the theory that simple life gradually evolved over time into complex lufe
The order in which we find organisms supports the theory that animals require plants to live
Fossils allow relationships between exciting and living organisms to be investigated
(We can study similarities and differences between structures of certain similar organisms)
What are homologous structures
Structures that appear differently but have the same UNDERLYING structure provides evidence for divergent evolution
What is divergant evolution
Evolution of different species from same common ancestors
Examples of intra and interspecific variation
Intra - between species (skin colour)😉🌚
Inter- between speciece 🧍♂️🦍
Genetic causes of variation
Alleles-
Mutation
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
Chnace (random fertilisation)
What is discontinuous variation
Any characteristics that don’t have numerical value (eye colour,hair colour etc)
Continuous variation
characteristics Has numerical value (height)
2 statistical test
Student t test- used to compare means of data values of 2 population
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient- used to consider relationship be tween two sets of data (positive correlation and negative)
What are adaptations
Characteristics that increase organisms chance of survival
Three types of adaptations
Anatomical characteristics
Physilogical things that take place I body
Behavioural how they act
What is analogous structures
Structure that preforms same role but has different genetic origin (wales and fish)
Provides evidence for convergent evolution
What is convergent evolution
When unrelated species begin to share similar traits
