phys lect 3 pt. 3

Question 1

Definition of Angiogenesis

Answer 1

Process of new blood vessel development from existing vessels [30].

Question 2

Angiogenesis primarily develops from…

Answer 2

Venules [30].

Question 3

Angiogenesis Step 1 (Mechanism)

Answer 3

Vasodilation in response to NO and increased permeability induced by VEGF [30].

Question 4

Angiogenesis Step 2

Answer 4

Separation of pericytes from the abluminal surface [30].

Question 5

Angiogenesis Step 3

Answer 5

Migration of endothelial cells toward the area of tissue injury [30].

Question 6

Angiogenesis Step 4

Answer 6

Proliferation of endothelial cells just behind the leading front of migrating cells [30].

Question 7

Angiogenesis Step 5

Answer 7

Remodeling into capillary tubes [31].

Question 8

Angiogenesis Step 6 (Cell recruitment)

Answer 8

Recruitment of periendothelial cells to form the mature vessel [31].

Question 9

Periendothelial cells for small capillaries

Answer 9

Pericytes [31].

Question 10

Periendothelial cells for larger vessels

Answer 10

Smooth muscle cells [31].

Question 11

Angiogenesis Step 7

Answer 11

Suppression of endothelial proliferation and migration and deposition of the basement membrane [31].

Question 12

Important Growth Factor for Angiogenesis 1

Answer 12

VGEF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) [31].

Question 13

VGEF Effect 1

Answer 13

Stimulates both migration and proliferation of endothelial cells [31].

Question 14

VGEF Effect 2

Answer 14

Promotes vasodilation by stimulating the production of NO [31].

Question 15

Important Growth Factor for Angiogenesis 2

Answer 15

FGF-2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-2) [31].

Question 16

FGF-2 Effect 1

Answer 16

Stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells [31].

Question 17

FGF-2 Effect 2

Answer 17

Promotes the migration of macrophages and fibroblasts to the damaged area [32].

Question 18

FGF-2 Effect 3

Answer 18

Stimulates epithelial cell migration to cover epidermal wounds [32].

Question 19

Step 1 of laying down connective tissue

Answer 19

Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts into the site of injury [32].

Question 20

Step 2 of laying down connective tissue

Answer 20

Deposition of ECM proteins produced by these cells [32].

Question 21

Important Growth Factor for ECM Deposition 1

Answer 21

FGF [32].

Question 22

Important Growth Factor for ECM Deposition 2 (Full name)

Answer 22

TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-β) [32].

Question 23

TGF-β stimulates the production of (List 3)

Answer 23

Collagen, fibronectin, and proteoglycans [33].

Question 24

TGF-β inhibits collagen degradation by Mechanism 1

Answer 24

Decreasing proteinase activity [33].

Question 25

TGF-β inhibits collagen degradation by Mechanism 2

Answer 25

Increasing the activity of tissue inhibitors of proteinases (TIMPs) [33].

Question 26

Important Growth Factor for ECM Deposition 3 (Full name)

Answer 26

PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor) [33].

Question 27

PDGF effects (List 2)

Answer 27

Causes migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells [33].

Question 28

Purpose of Remodeling of Connective Tissue

Answer 28

Collagen fibers are reoriented to better resist tensile forces on the wound [33].

Question 29

Repair Outcome Balance

Answer 29

A balance between synthesis of ECM proteins and degradation of ECM proteins [34].

Question 30

Important Growth Factor for Remodeling 1 (Full name)

Answer 30

MMPs (Matrix Metalloproteinases) [34].

Question 31

MMPs Effect

Answer 31

Stimulates degradation of collagen and other ECM components [34].

Question 32

Important Growth Factor for Remodeling 2 (Full name)

Answer 32

TIMPs (Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases) [34].

Question 33

TIMPs Effect

Answer 33

Inhibit metalloproteinases [34].

Question 34

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 1

Answer 34

Infection [34].

Question 35

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 2

Answer 35

Nutrition [34].

Question 36

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 3

Answer 36

Glucocorticoids [34].

Question 37

Glucocorticoids effect on inflammation

Answer 37

Anti-inflammatory [35].

Question 38

Glucocorticoids effect on scar

Answer 38

Weakness of scar due to diminished fibrosis [35].

Question 39

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 4

Answer 39

Mechanical variables (e.g., increased local pressure or torsion) [35].

Question 40

Term for wounds pulling apart

Answer 40

Dehiscence [35].

Question 41

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 5

Answer 41

Poor perfusion [35].

Question 42

Examples of Poor Perfusion

Answer 42

Arteriosclerosis, diabetes, or obstructed venous drainage [35].

Question 43

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 6

Answer 43

Foreign bodies [35].

Question 44

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 7

Answer 44

The type and extent of tissue injury [35].

Question 45

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 8

Answer 45

Location of the injury [35].

Question 46

Factor Influencing Tissue Repair 9

Answer 46

Aberrations of cell growth and ECM production [35].

Question 47

Example of Aberrations of cell growth

Answer 47

Keloids [35].

Question 48

Healing by Primary Intention (Wound Edges)

Answer 48

Wound edges closely together [36].

Question 49

Healing Rate in Primary Intention

Answer 49

Heals more rapidly [36].

Question 50

Characteristic LESS present in Primary Intention (1)

Answer 50

Re-epithelialization [36].

Question 51

Characteristic LESS present in Primary Intention (2)

Answer 51

Collagen deposition [36].

Question 52

Characteristic LESS present in Primary Intention (3)

Answer 52

Contraction and remodeling [36].

Question 53

Characteristic LESS present in Primary Intention (4)

Answer 53

Risk of infection [36].

Question 54

Characteristic LESS present in Primary Intention (5)

Answer 54

Scar formation [36].

Question 55

Healing by Secondary Intention (Wound Edges)

Answer 55

Gap between edges (Tissue loss) [36].

Question 56

Healing Rate in Secondary Intention

Answer 56

Slower process [36].

Question 57

Characteristic MORE present in Secondary Intention (1)

Answer 57

More scar tissue [36].

Question 58

Characteristic MORE present in Secondary Intention (2)

Answer 58

Contraction [36].