physiology

Question 1

the spread of bachmans bundles?

Answer 1

1m/sec

Question 2

what is the spread of purkinje fibers and A-V bundles?

Answer 2

4 m/sec

Question 3

what is the spread of A-V node?

Answer 3

0.2m/sec

Question 4

what is the delayed conducting of of A-V node?

Answer 4

0.13sec

Question 5

congenital deficiency of dystrophen protein leads to?

Answer 5

cardiomyopathy

Question 6

intercalared discs always present at ?

Answer 6

Z line

Question 7

AV delayed about……?

Answer 7

0.1 sec

Question 8

what is the slow response fibers?

Answer 8

SA and AV nodes

Question 9

what is the fast response fibers?

Answer 9

atria
ventricles
His purkinje system

Question 10

the resting potential in slow response fibers is?

Answer 10

-90mv

Question 11

the resting potential in slow response fibers is?

Answer 11

-55 to -60 mv

Question 12

what is the amplitude of fast response fibers?

Answer 12

up to 10-20mv

Question 13

what is the amplitude of fast response fibers?

Answer 13

up to. 20-30 mv

Question 14

chemical factors that prolong ARP?

Answer 14

Hypocalcemia
hypoxia
(choliergic drugs):
procainamide
quinidine

Question 15

changes of Na serum level affect on??

Answer 15

amplitude of the action potential
not affect on myocardial excitability

Question 17

drugs increase myocardial excitability?

Answer 17

caffeine
theophylline

Question 18

ventricales extrasystoles are followed by?

Answer 18

long intervals called (compensatory pauses) CPs

Question 19

atrial extrasystoles are followed by

Answer 19

short or incomplete or no CPs

Question 20

post extrasystolic potentiation in ventricales are usually……. than normal

Answer 20

stronger

Question 21

the factors that increases autorhythmicity is called?

Answer 21

positive chronotropic factors

Question 22

what is the diastolic depolarization?

Answer 22

pacemaker potential
prepotential
gradual depolarization

Question 23

firing level of slow response fibers?

Answer 23

-40 to -45

Question 24

the last activated part of left ventricale is?

Answer 24

posterobasal portion

Question 25

the last activated part of right ventricale is?

Answer 25

pulmonary conus

Question 26

conduction velocity of AV node?

Answer 26

0.05 m/sec

Question 27

conductivity is decreased in most cases of electrolyte disturbance especially?

Answer 27

K

Question 28

in the Wolff parkinson white syndrome the conductivity is?

Answer 28

increased

Question 29

aortic impedance increase pathological in?

Answer 29

aortic valve stenosis polycythemia

Question 30

the factors that increases myocardial contractility is called?

Answer 30

positive inotropic factors

Question 31

what is the major factors that determine cardiac performance is?

Answer 31

1/preload 2/after load 3/frequency of heart contraction 4/cardiac inotropic state

Question 32

cardiac inotropic state determined primarily by?

Answer 32

amount of (or sensitivity to) the delivered Ca to the contractile protein

Question 33

paradoxical splitting of second sounds?

Answer 33

pulmonary valve closed before aortic valve because (left ventricular failure)

Question 34

duration of heart sound?

Answer 34

1/0.15 2/0.12 3/0.1 4/0.03-0.05

Question 35

third heart sound best heard during?

Answer 35

expiratoin at the apex of the heart

Question 36

galloping rhythm is?

Answer 36

the heart has four sound ausocltation in the same duration of the two sound of normal heart

Question 37

what is the stenotic valve?

Answer 37

stiff narrowed valve that does not open completely

Question 38

what is the insufficient (incompetent) valve?

Answer 38

valve that does not close completely

Question 39

what is the velocity of blood flow?

Answer 39

0.5 m/sec

Question 40

what is the pulse pressure?

Answer 40

tge difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure normally is 40mmHg

Question 41

heart rhythm with electrical activation begining in the SA node called?

Answer 41

sinus rhythm

Question 42

stroke volume(SV) = ?

Answer 42

EDV-ESV

Question 43

Ejection fraction( EF)= ?

Answer 43

SV/EDV

Question 44

cardiac output (CO)= ?

Answer 44

SV×HR

Question 45

What is the normal cardiac output?

Answer 45

5L/min

Question 46

what is the primary factors regulating cardiac output?

Answer 46

1/blood volume reflexes 2/Autonomic innervation 3/hormones

Question 47

what is the total blood flow at rest?

Answer 47

5.8L/min

Question 48

what is the total blood flow during strenuous exercise?

Answer 48

17.5L/min

Question 49

pulse pressure (pp)=?

Answer 49

SBP-DBP

Question 50

Mean pressure =?

Answer 50

DBP+1/3 PP

Question 51

what is the normal mean pressure?

Answer 51

93 mm Hg

Question 52

systolic pressure is...... proportional to cardiac output? (directly-inversely)

Answer 52

directly

Question 53

Diastolic pressure is....... proportional to peripheral resistance? (directly-inversely)

Answer 53

directly

Question 54

Blood pressure is....... proportional to blood volume, venous return, velocity of blood flow, viscosity of blood? (directly-inversely)

Answer 54

directly

Question 55

Blood pressure is....... proportional to Elasticity of blood vessels, diameter of blood vessels? (directly-inversely)

Answer 55

inversely

Question 56

T wave in limb leads the amplitude is highest in?

Answer 56

lead II

Question 57

T wave in chest leads the amplitude is highest in?

Answer 57

V2- V3

Question 58

T wave is normally positive in lead?

Answer 58

I- II-V5- V6

Question 59

prominent U waves normal in leads....?

Answer 59

V2-V4