Neurology > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Dendrites

A

Receptive area

Afferents synapse here

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2
Q

Axon

A

Electrical signaling via action potentials

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3
Q

Terminals

A

Release transmitter to send signal to next neuron

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4
Q

Primary route for ions to cross membrane

A

Ion channels

*also pumps, transporters

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5
Q

Deficient in long QT syndrome - cardio

A

K+ channel ion channel

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6
Q

Deficient in Cystic Fibrosis

A

Chloride transporter

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7
Q

Cell connection = cardio

A

Gap junction

Direct electrical coupling

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8
Q

Neuron connection

A

Chemical = hormone/neurotransmitter

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9
Q

What increases Gaba-A flux (Cl)?

A

Post synaptic =

Sedatives, anti-anxiety, anti-epileptic, ETOH

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10
Q

Gaba-b receptor = presynaptic

function

A

Reduce Ca2+ flux

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11
Q

Ionotropic vs Metabotropic

A

Ionotropic

  • Fast
  • direct flow-thru

Metabotropic

  • Slower
  • G-proteins
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12
Q

Ca2+

concentration/movement/storage

A 
outside = [Low]
Inside = [high]
  • In = volt/lig/SOCC channel
  • Out = transporters

Store = mitochondria/ER

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13
Q

Glutamate/NMDA receptor

What goes in?

A

Ca2+

One type

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14
Q

Excess Ca2+ damage in:

A
  • Neurodegenerative dz
  • Cerebral Ischemia + Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
  • Epilepsy + Migrane

Ex; Memantine = blocks NMDA

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15
Q

Uneven ion distribution/RMP

Due to:

A
  • selective permeability (K+ leak ch always open)

*Large anions in cytoplasm
(Balance elect charge/osmolarity)

*Ion pumps - Na/K atpase
(Na high outside
K high inside)

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16
Q

Electrogenic Na+/K+ Atpase pump

Current flow

A

Net outward. (Small hyperpole)

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17
Q

Reversal potentials

Na/K

A

Na+ = +57 mV

K+ = -85 mV

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18
Q

RMP = equilibrium?

A

NO = STEADY STATE

Rest = inward Na flow
Outward K flow

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19
Q

Constitutively active channels

+

Ion selectivity mech

A

K+ leak, no stim needed

Barrier to depole

Pore loops = K selectivity

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20
Q

Voltage-gated K+ channel

How open?
How selective?

A

Open = voltage sensor

Selective = pore loops

*essential for Act Potential

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21
Q

Channelopathies (Rxs enhance)

Epilepsy
Cardio arrythmia
Hyperekplexia (startle disease)

A

Epilepsy = K/nicotinic

Hyperekplexia= glycine receptor mutations

Cardio arrythmias = Na/K

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22
Q

OD lidocaine = seizure

Why?

A
  • blocks Na+ channel

* targets inhibitory neuron

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23
Q

AP involves (channels)

A
  • Faster voltage-gated Na+

* Slower voltage-gated K+

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24
Q

AP initiation:

Positive feedback cycle with

Study These Flashcards
A

Na+ influx

By end almost all Na channels open

25
AP : crossing the threshold
*Voltage gated Na channels * initial depole - chemical signals = excitatory ionotropic receptors - electrical signal = gap junctions
26
AP = reach E Na?
Nope Na inactivates K (voltage) activates
27
Gates - Na channel Start of AP Peak of AP
* Resting = m closed, h open * Start = M gate opens (both open) * Peak of AP (inactivate) = H closes
28
Absolute refractory period
No 2nd AP | Na open or Hgate closed
29
Relative refractory period
2nd AP possible Some Na resting (M closed, H open)
30
Hyper K --> AP?
Chronic depole = H gates stay closed (inactivate) Lose depole Irregular cardiac activity ???
31
what is info code?
Pattern of action potentials
32
Cable properties
Myelenation problems on the nerve (nodes of ranvier)
33
Chemical synapse Characterostics
``` MC *TRANSFER SIGNAL Axo-dendritic Axo-somatic Axo-axonal Dendro-dendritic ```
34
Electrical synapse Characteristics
RARE Dendro-dendritic *SHARE SIGNAL
35
Gap junction protein
Connexon Let all ions thru, basically share cytoplasm
36
Major chem synapse structures: * Pre-synaptic * Post-synaptic * Astrocyte
* Pre-synaptic = provide neurotransmitter * Post-synaptic = translates neurotrans into signals * Astrocyte = metabolic support, synapse modulation
37
Vesicle fusion
* Vesicle docks * SNARE pulls together * Ca binds to synaptogamin = membrane fusion * DOCKED = release NT BRAIN - limited docking vesicles MUSCLE - many
38
Botox attacks
SNARE
39
if NT per neuron
1
40
Purines
ATP
41
Catecholamines
Dopa NE Epi
42
Indolamine
Serotonin
43
Inhibitory Ionotropic receptors
GABA | Glycine
44
Excitatory Ionotropic Receptors
Glutamate | Ach
45
Na on which receptors?
* Nicotinic * Ach * Glutamate (AMPA/NMDA/Kainate)
46
Ach Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type
* Ionotropic = Nicotinic + | * Metabotropic = Muscarinic +/-
47
Glutamate Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type
Ionotropic = AMPA/NMDA/Kainate + Metabotropic = +/-
48
Gaba Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type
Ionotropic = Gaba A - Metabotropic = Gaba B -
49
Glycine Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type
Ionotropic = Glycine -
50
NE Adrenergic Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type
Metabotropic = Alpha / Beta +/-
51
Peptides Ionotropic/Metabotropic receptor type
Metabotropic only
52
NT removal from synapse
Ach = broken down by AchE Glutamate/Glycine/GABA = uptake by presynaptic neuron + astrocyte
53
AchE inhibitors
Treat Myasthenia gravis Neostigmine
54
Quantal content =
vesicles released
55
Quantal size =
Amount of depole (mV) from SINGLE vesicle
56
Factors affecting quantal content + size
Quantal content = factors that effect docking or Ca2+ (opiods=presynaptic) Quantal size = everything else
57
Desensitization example receptor type (much turnover)
Glutamate
58
2 options to take out g coupled proteins
Down-reg = take out receptor Desensitize = inhibitory protein
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