1
Q
What causes nicotinic ACh upregulation?
A
- nerve injuries: stroke, SC
- denervation: Guillian Barre, ALS, MS
- myopathies: DMD
- burns (24hrs to 1-2yrs)
- immobility (ICU 16days)
2
Q
CVP waveform
A
ax cx’ vy
a = Atrial contraction
x = atrial relaXation
c = triCuspid contraction
x’ = right ventricular contraction (sucks the tricuspid valve downwards with it)
v = Venous filling (atria)
y = atrial emptYing (tricuspid opens, blood dumps in)
3
Q
what EKG leads are most sensitive for detecting MI?
A
V5 - alone
lead II + V4 together
4
Q
list B1 selective blockers
A
BEAM Bisprolol Esmolol Atenolol = (ATN) only BB primarily cleared by kidneys Metoprolol
5
Q
labetalol: MAO, IV vs PO
A
alpha and beta
IV is 1a :7b
PO is 1a : 3b
6
Q
what EKG lead is most sensitive for atrial waves?
A
1) lead II –> large P-wave size
2) lead V1
7
Q
what leads are most sensitive for Myocardial Ischemia?
A
lead II and V4
8
Q
standard error
A
stdev / sqrt number samples
Boards: Basic
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