What are some manifestations of reproductive failure?
- Normal return to oestrus
- Delayed return to oestrus (>25d)
- Abortion
- Stillbirths
- Mummification
- Small litter size
- Failure to farrow (NIP)
- Abnormal piglets
- decreased neonatal survival
When does skeletal calcification occur?
What about the two oestrone sulphate signals?
Day 35
Day 12-14
Day 16-20
From what date can US be used for preg dx?
day 23
A delayed return to oestrus is after how many days?
25d (cf normal 18-24d)
What 4 factors do you need to broadly consider with conception failure?
Mating mngt
Boar factors
Sow factors
Housing
What are some infectious causes of repro failure?
Lepto Erysipelas Parvo Encephalomyocarditis virus Brucellosis Endometritis (E. coli and Eubacterium suis)
How might you dx porcine circovirus type 2?
Histo of heart (myocarditis) Demonstrate Ag (PCR, immunohistochem)
How might you dx brucellosis in pigs?
microscopic examinations of stained smears of vaginal swabs, placentas and aborted foetuses
Culture
PCR
When is the pig rut? When does farrowing occur? When is lactational anoestrus? WHen is non breeding season?
Late autumn/ early winter
Spring
Lactate for 3-4 months with gradual weaning
Summer/ autumn
How long is milk let-down?
10-20 secs every hour
What are some clinical signs of nervous conditions in pigs?
- dull
- blind
- head pressing
- head tilt
- Incoordination
- paddling
- convulsions
- squeaky voice
- death
What is the diagnostic feature of blood tests of hypoglycaemic piglets?
<85mg/dL
How can you treat or prevent oedema disease in pigs?
Tx: Parenteral antibiotics
Vit E/ Selenium
Anti-infl.
BUT poor px.
Prevent via:
- in feed medication (strategically)
- autogenous oral vaccination pre-exposure
- zinc Oxide
- acids
What neurological disorder may cause cerebral oedema and coning of the cerebellum?
Hypovitaminosis A
For what disorder is goose-stepping a pathognomonic sign?
Pantothenic acid def (Vit B)
How can you diagnose Porcine stress syndrome?
How do you prevent?
CSs + PCR on plucked hair samples Prevent: -cull homozygotes -rest/ keep cool -avoid mixing stress-susceptible animals -genetic selection -market animals on cool days
What are predilection sites for DJD in pigs?
Medial humeral and femoral condyles
Growth plates of costochondral junctions
Distal ulnae
Ischial tuberosities
What are the three forms of disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
Peracute: sudden death
Acute: Septicaemia, fever with diamond skin lesions, abortions (due to PG)
Chronic: arthritis
What are predisposing factors to disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
Fatigue
Nutrition changes
Temperature
Failure to vaccinate
Under what body condition score is it a legal requirement for remedial action to be taken in pigs?
If under BCS2, then need to take remedial action or be culled
How often must pigs be seen to daily? What about if they are high risk?
At least once a day by a competent stockperson. Twice daily if they are high risk.
Competency= somebody who has had some training and at least 12months experience with pigs OR a veterinarian
What type of pig might you put in a hospital pen?
No longer competitive. Looks dehydrated, is isolated, not feeding, injury or illness, nervous signs etc
What (or who) are the following antibiotics used for in pigs? Amoxycillin Penicillin Sulphonamide trimethoprim Linco/ Spectinomycin Tylosin
Amoxycillin: pregnant sows
Penicillin: piglet arthritis, sick piglets, non-preg sows
Sulphonamide trimethoprim- scours, mastitis (sows), discharge (sows)
Linco/ Spectinomycin: Scours, pneumonia
Tylosin: lameness, ileitis, scours pneumonia (alternative to pen in preg sows)
What is the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs? What about for Glasser’s Disease?
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Haemophilus parasuis
