Plants

Question 1

Bryophytes

Answer 1

• Non - Vascular Seedless Plants
• Dominant Gen : Gametophytes
• Plant body lacks true roots, stems or leaves
  Examples : Moss

Question 2

Pteridophytes

Answer 2

• Vascular Seedless Plants
• Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
  Examples : Ferns

Question 3

Gymnosperms

Answer 3

• Vascular Seed Plants
• Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
  Examples : Trees

Question 4

Angiosperms

Answer 4

• Vascular, Flowering Seed Plants
• Dominant Gen : Sporophyte
  Examples : Flowers

Question 5

Stigma

Answer 5

• Knob at the top of the Pistil
  Function : Helps with collecting pollen

Question 6

Style

Answer 6

• Stalk that supports the Stigma
  Function : Assists with fertilization by being the location where pollen tubes travel to deliver sperm cells to the egg

Question 7

Pistil

Answer 7

• Inside the style
• Supports the style and sigma
  Function : The ovule producing part of the flower

Question 8

Ovary

Answer 8

• Enlarges basal portion of the pistil
  Function : Contains the Ovule

Question 9

Stamen

Answer 9

• Surrounds the Pistil
  Function : Produces the pollen for the flower

Question 10

Anther

Answer 10

• On top of the Stamen
  Function : The part of the Stamen where pollen is produced

Question 11

Filament

Answer 11

• Thin stalk supporting the Anther in the male portion of the flower
  Function : Holds the Anther up

Question 12

Petal

Answer 12

• Bright leaves radiating around the ovary
  Function : They attract pollinators

Question 13

Angiosperm life cycle

Answer 13

1. Embryo Growth
2. Seed germination
3. Sporophyte growth
4. Flowering
5. Fruit Production

Question 14

Ovule

Answer 14

• Inside the ovary of the flower
  Function : Produces and houses egg cells

Question 15

Sepal

Answer 15

• Outer parts of a (usually green leaves below where the bud was
  Function : Protect both flowers and fruits by producing chemicals used to ward of predators

Question 16

Receptacle

Answer 16

• Part of the flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached
  Function : To connect the stalk to the flower / Support the flower

Question 17

Peduncle

Answer 17

• The stalk of the flower
  Function : Supports the flower

Question 18

Monocot

Answer 18

• Fibrous Roots
• Parallel Leaf Veins
• Flower petals in multiples of 3
• Vascular tissue is scattered

Question 19

Dicot

Answer 19

• Tap roots
• Vascular tissue is in a ring
• Net - Like Leaf Veins
• Flower petals in multiples of 5 - 6

Question 20

Importance of plants

Answer 20

For humans : Plants provide us with food, fiber, shelter, medicine and fuel.
For ecosystem : They are the critical base of food chains in nearly all ecosystems

Question 21

Gametophyte Generation

Answer 21

Definition - The sexual phase in the life cycles of plants

Question 22

Sporophyte Generation

Answer 22

Definition - The phase that produces haploid spores by means of meiosis

Question 23

Sporophytes

Answer 23

• Sporophytes are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes

Question 24

Gametophytes

Answer 24

Gametophytes are haploid meaning they have one set of chromosomes.

Question 25

Which Transport processes are critical to ensure the survival of the plant?

Answer 25

- Sugars made by photosynthesis are carried to all other living cells by the phloem - Water and dissolved minerals are taken from the ground and brought to all cells by the xylem

Question 26

Diffusion

Answer 26

- The process of movement of molecules under a concentration gradient

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

- The movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell's partially permeable membrane.

Question 28

Root Pressure

Answer 28

- Water enters the roots by osmosis drawn by the higher concentration of dissolved nutrients - Water creates positive pressure as it enters the intercellular spaces and pushes upward in the xylem - Minerals move across membrane by active transport - The “push” of water and minerals is aided by the adhesion (sticking) of water molecules to the xylem cell walls.

Question 29

Transpiration Pull

Answer 29

- As the water is being pulled up the plant by transpiration, cohesion (attraction between water molecules), and adhesion (attraction between water molecules and xylem walls), more water enters the roots - The strong pull against gravity can transport water up to 100 m vertically.

Question 30

Translocation

Answer 30

- The transport of sucrose (made from the glucose product of photosynthesis) and other organic molecules through the phloem. - Moves nutrients wherever they are needed for growth, metabolism, or storage - Sucrose moves down to the roots for winter storage and back up to the trunk and branches in the spring - The compounds move quickly through the conducting cells (sieve tube elements) in the phloem

Question 31

Pressure - Flow model

Answer 31

- Hypothesizes how sucrose moves from a source (where sugars are produced) to a sink (where sugars are used or stored) - Sucrose moves into the phloem from the source and increases in concentration - Water moves into the phloem through osmosis. Pressure in the phloem increases - A pressure gradient between the source and the sink causes a flow of solution through the phloem. Water moves in and out of the phloem according to the concentration. Positive pressure at the source pushes the solution from the source to the sink - Sucrose is removed from the phloem at the sink tissue. Water also moves out and pressure decreases