Polity3 Flashcards

Question

Vote of no-confidence motion is brought in which house? (a) Rajya Sabha (b) Lok Sabha (c) In any house (d) None of these

Answer 1

Ans. (b) : In India motion of no confidence can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha (the Lower House of the Parliament). The motion is admitted for discussion when a minimum of 50 members of the House support the motion.

Answer 2

Ans. (a) : Lok Sabha is denoted as the second house or Lower House of the Parliament. Rajya Sabha is known as the first house or Upper House of the Indian Parliamentary system. The division is not on the basis of functions or powers and does not mean that Rajya Sabha is superior to the Lok Sabha.

Answer 3

Ans. (d) : The general term of the Lok Sabha is for 5 years from the first meeting after the general election. The President can dissolve the Lok Sabha on the advice of Council of Ministers. So usually he may perform so on the advice of Prime Minister, as the Prime Minister is the head/leader all council of ministers.

Answer 4

Ans. (c) : Whether is a money bill or not finally decided by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. Article 110 of the Constitution deals with the Money Bills. It can not be amended by the Rajya Sabha, President can either accept or reject a money bill but can not return it for reconsideration.

Answer 5

Ans. (c) : Mrs. Meera Kumar was elected unopposed on 3 June 2009 as the "first female Speaker of India" Balram Jakhar was elected as the Lok Sabha Speaker from 1980 to 1989. GMC Balayogi was the 12th Lok Sabha Speaker from 1998 to 2002, while Chandra Shekar was the 9th "Prime Minister" of India from 10 November 1990 to 21 June 1991.

Answer 6

Ans. (b) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 7

Ans : (b) According to Article 100(3), to hold a meeting in the Lok Sabha a minimum 1/10th of the total members of the House must be present. This minimum limit is called quorum.

Answer 8

Ans : (c) Adjournment motion is moved by a member when it is desired to draw the attention of the executive for the purpose of discussing a definite matter of urgent public importance. It is an extraordinary procedure which if admitted, leads to setting aside the normal business of the house for discussing a definite matter of urgent public importance. Adjournment motion is introduced only in the Lok Sabha.

Answer 9

Ans : (a) The first Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election. Shri Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar was the first Lok Sabha Speaker of India.

Answer 10

Ans : (c) According to Article 94 of the Indian Constitution a member holding office as Speaker or Deputy Speaker of the House of the people may at-any time by writing under his hand addressed, if such member is the Speaker to the Deputy Speaker and if such member is the Deputy Speaker to the Speaker to resign from his office.

Answer 11

Ans : (d) As per article 94 of Indian Constitution a member holding office as Speaker or Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha may be removed from his office by a resolution of the House of the People passed by a majority of all the then members of the House. The same article states that no resolution for the purpose shall be moved unless and untill a fourteen days prior notice has been of the intention to move the resolution.

Answer 12

Ans : (c) The Lok Sabha Secretariat is an independent body which functions under the guidance and control of the Speaker of Lok Sabha. In the discharge of his/her constitutional and statutory responsibilities the Speaker is assisted by the Secretary General of the Lok Sabha and other officers and staff of the secretarial at various levels.

Answer 13

Ans : (d) Prorogue is the termination of a session of Rajya Sabha or Lok Sabha by an order made by the President. According to Article 85(2) of the Constitution of India the President may from time to time prorogue the either house

Answer 14

Ans : (a) Article 84 (b) of the Indian Constitution provides that the minimum age for becoming a candidate for Lok Sabha election shall be 25 years

Answer 15

Ans : (d) Provisions under article 330 provides for reservation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of People i.e Lok Sabha. At present in Lok Sabha seats reserved for Scheduled Castes is 84 while for Scheduled Tribes is 47. There is no provision of reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Rajya Sabha.

Answer 16

Ans : (c) The maximum gap between two sessions of the parliament cannot be more than six months. It means that parliament should meet at least twice a year. However there are usually three sessions in a year. The sessions are: (i) Budget Session (February to May)- Longest Session (ii) Monsoon Session (July to September) (iii) Winter Session (November to December)- Shortest Session.

Answer 17

Ans : (c) Usually there are 3 sessions of Lok Sabha in a year:

Answer 18

Ans : (d) Lok Sabha debates are printed in both Hindi and English languages. However in accordance with Article 120, speaker of the House of the People or person acting as such as the case may permit any member who cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or in English to address the House in his mother tongue.

Answer 19

Ans : (d) The Constitution through Article 83 (2) provides normal tenure of Lok Sabha to be 5 years. However Parliament by 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1978 extended to 6 years but the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 again fixed the original normal tenure of 5 years.

Answer 20

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question

Answer 21

Ans : (b) The leader of the opposition in the Houses of Indian Parliament is a statutory post. This post is defined in the Salaries and Allowances of Leaders of Opposition in Parliament Act, 1977 as simply the leader of the numerically biggest party in opposition to the government and recognized as such by the speaker/chairman. He/she enjoys the rank of Cabinet Minister, A.K Gopalan was the first Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha.

Answer 22

Ans : (c) The Union Budget of India is referred as the "Annual Financial Statement" in article 112 of the Constitution of India. The word "Budget" is of French origin which means 'small leather purse'. Budget is generally presented in Lok Sabha by Finance Minister. It is a statement of estimated receipts and expenditure of the financial year i.e 1st April to 31st March. The stages through which the budget goes through in the parliament is as follows:– (i) Presentation of budget (ii) General discussion (ii) Scrutiny by departmental committees. (iv) Voting on demands of grants (v) Passing of the appropriation bill. (vi) Passing of finance bill.

Answer 23

Ans : (c) Newly elected Lok Sabha elects a deputy speaker from among its members to preside over the proceedings of the Lok Sabha in the absence of the Speaker. M. Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first Deputy speaker of Lok Sabha. He served as Deputy speaker from 1952 to 1956. Later on he became the speaker of Lok Sabha in 1956. He was also appointed as Governor of Bihar.

Answer 24

Ans : (a) The full form of MLA is the Member of Legislative Assembly. An MLA is the elected representative of the legislative assembly of a state. He or she represents the people of the assembly constituency from where they have been elected. Article 173 of the Indian Constitution has provision related with "Qualifications for being a member of state legislature

Answer 25

Ans : (*) The powers of Lok Sabha (House of the People) are as follows. (i) Legislative Power: Main functions of the House of the People is framing of laws. Every bills has to be passed by both the houses and assented to by the President before it becomes law. In case of money bills the Lok Sabha has overriding powers. (ii) Executive power's for all its work, the Councils of Ministers is collectively responsible before the Lok Sabha. (iii) The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over the joint sitting of the two houses (Article 108). (iv) The Lok Sabha also investigates the charges framed by the Rajya Sabha against Vice President of India. The Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha can together pass a resolution for the removal of any judge of the Supreme Court or of a State High Court. (v) The Lok Sabha also performs some electoral functions. The elected members of the Lok Sabha take part in the election of the President the members of the Lok Sabha also elects a speaker and a deputy speaker from amongst themselves.

Answer 26

Ans : (c) In India, the first Lok Sabha was constituted in 1952. First Lok Sabha elections Indian National Congress came into power with 36 seats. Pt Jawaharlal Nehru became first elected Prime Minister of India. The Lok Sabha completed its tenure on 4th April 1957. The first Lok Sabha speaker was Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar.

Answer 27

Ans : (a) The second Lok Sabha was constituted in 1957, in that election congress won 311 seats and formed government. Jawahar Lal Nehru was elected second time the PM of India.

Answer 28

Ans. (a) : The Lok Sabha commenced its first session on 13 May, 1952.

Answer 29

Ans : (d) Previously, the President used to nominate 2 Anglo-Indians to Lok Sabha but now the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has abandoned this provision.

Answer 30

Ans : (a) According to article 79 (Part V) of the Indian Constitution "there will be a parliament for the union of India", and this parliament will consist of :- ● President ● House of People ● Council of states

Answer 31

Ans. (b) The rule 193 clearly depicts about how a member will submit in writing his request for a discussion on a matter of public importance

Answer 32

Ans. (c) : The speaker of Lok Sabha plays an important role in the proceeding of the Lok Sabha. The 17th Lok Sabha speaker is Om Birla

Answer 33

Ans. (c) : The speaker of Lok Sabha plays an important role in conducting business of Lok Sabha as it decides some of prominent matters. In case of accepting the question from a member the decision of speaker is final or supreme.

Answer 34

Ans. (b) : The total no. of women candidates elected in Lok Sabha were 78 that is 14%

Answer 35

Ans : (d) Article 108 of the constitution makes provisions for a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament. It is presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha

Answer 36

Ans : (d) In the Indian parliamentary system, the speaker is the guardian of powers and privileges of the members of the parliament. His decision is final in every matter of parliament. His decision is also final decision in case of the disqualification of the members of parliaments under the 10th schedule of the Indian Constitution. The Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is related with the anti defection law. It was not included in the original constitution instead of that it was added in Constitution by 52nd Amendment Act, 1985.

Answer 37

Ans : (d) The maximum number of Starred Questions for oral answers admitted for discussion on a particular day in the Lok Sabha is 20. Starred Question is one for which an oral answer is required to be given.

Answer 38

Ans. (a) : According to Article of the Indian Constitution. According to 109(1) a Money Bill cannot be reintroduced in the Rajya Sabha. It can be introduced in the Lok Sabha only on the recommendation of the President. This type of bill is considered a government bill and only the minister can present it. Rajya Sabha can neither reject the Money Bill nor make any amendments in it.

Answer 39

Ans. (d) : The Parliamentary form of government is also referred to as the Westminster model. The Westminster model refers to the system of government in which the executive branch (prime minister and cabinet) is accountable to the legislature (parliament). This model originated in the United Kingdom and has been adopted by many other countries, including India, Canada, and Australia.

Answer 40

Ans. (d) : Article 247 of the Constitution empowers the Parliament to establish such courts for the better administration of laws made by it. This includes the power to create tribunals, which are specialized bodies that adjudicate on specific matters such as taxation, labor disputes, and environmental issues.

Answer 41

Ans. (c) : Article 79 describes the Constitution of Parliament. It says that there shall be a Parliament for the Union, which shall consist of the President and two Houses, to be known respectively as the Council of States and the House of the People. Further Reading: Lok Sabha. Article 89 (1) provide that the Vice- President of India shall be ex- officio Chairman of the Council of States i.e., Rajya Sabha and shall not hold any other office of profit.

Answer 42

Ans. (b) : The quorum to constitute a sitting of the House is one-tenth of the total number of Members of the House under Article 100(3) of the Constitution.

Answer 43

Ans. (c) The salaries and allowances of the leader of opposition are governed by the Parliament Act 1977.

Answer 44

Ans.(d) No confidence motion – It can be introduced only in Lok Sabha and admitted for discussion when at least 50 members supports the motions in the house.

Answer 45

Ans. (a) : Article 84 of the Constitution of India envisages that a person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill up a seat in the Parliament unless he is a citizen of India

Answer 46

Ans. (d) : In the Indian Parliament a group was founded in 1949 by a motion accepted by Constituent Assembly on 16 August 1948. The Speaker of Lok Sabha is the Ex-officio President of Indian Parliamentary group. It acted as a significant link between the Indian parliament and its foreign counterpart.

Answer 47

Ans : (b) According to Article 342 (2) of Indian Constitution Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes.

Answer 48

Ans. (b) : According to Article 112 of the Indian Constitution, the Union Budget of a year, also referred to as the Annual Financial Statement, is a statement of the estimated receipts and expenditure of the government for that particular year.

Answer 49

Ans. (b) : The first elected parliament with two houses came into being in India in 1952

Answer 50

Ans. (b) : Article 108 of the constitution makes provisions for a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament. It is presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha.

Answer 51

Ans : (d) Disqualification in matters relating to defection is decided by the speaker or the chairman of the house depending upon whether it is Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. In matter relating to corrupt practices it is the President who in consultation with the election commission, passes the final orders even if the dispute is adjudicated by the courts.

Answer 52

Ans. (c) : Parliament is the supreme law making body in India and that's why it is termed as legislature.

Answer 53

Ans. (b) : According to the Indian Constitution, the Parliament of India has the right to decide the salary of members of the Parliament (MPs).

Answer 54

Ans : (b) In the both houses of parliament the session after the question hour is known as the Zero Hour. Usually it occurs between 12 pm -1 pm. The members during zero hour raise such questions which are of urgent public importance and want an urgent action for that

Answer 55

Ans. (c) : According to article 87 of the Indian Constitution, the President addresses both houses of parliament jointly for two times. 1. After the fresh election 2. Each beginning session of new year

Answer 56

Ans. (b) : In modern times, the most important function of legislature is law making. Ordinary bill can be introduced by the members of the Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha).

Answer 57

Ans : (b) (Officer) (oath giver) Governor – Chief Justice of highcourt or concerned most senior judge of the High Court Prime Minister – President Supreme Court Judge – President Chief Minister – Governor

Answer 58

Ans. (d) : Article-a53 of the constitution of India provides for a governor for each state.

Answer 59

Ans. (b) : As per Article 161, the Governor of a state enjoys pardoning power, where as the same power has been given to President as per Article 72. Five types of pardoning powers are- * Pardon * Respite * Reprieve * Remit * Commute are enjoyed by both of them but the only difference between their powers is that the President may pardon an order of court martial and a death sentence, which such any power is not available to the governor.

Answer 60

Ans. (a) : Sarojini Naidu was the first woman to become the Governor of an Indian state. She served as a Governor of Uttar Pradesh from 15 August 1947 to 2 March 1949. She is also known by the epithet 'the Nightingale of India.

Answer 61

Ans : (a) Article 153 of the Indian Constitution under Part VI deals with the Governor of states who will be appointed by the President.

Answer 62

Ans : (d) According to Article 163 of Indian Constitution, Governor in state have to exercise their executive powers either on advice of council of ministers or in their discretion. Governor enjoys full discretion in the appointment of Chief Minister, dismissal of ministry, or government and in dissolution of legislative assembly. But while giving assent to the bills he has limited discretion as he cannot withhold assent to the reconsidered bill.

Answer 63

Ans : (a) The oath of office to the Governor is administered by the Chief Justice of the concerned state High Court and in his absence the senior most Judge of that Court.

Answer 64

Ans : (b) The term of Governor's office is normally 5 years. Since the Governor holds the office under the pleasure of the President. His office has no fixed term.

Answer 65

Ans : (b) Article 315 of Indian Constitution states that there shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and a Public Service Commission for each state. A State Public Service Commission (SPSC) comprises of a chairman and other members appointed by the Governor of the state. Article 316 of the Indian Constitution envisages the appointment and term of office of members of the State Public Service Commissions.

Answer 66

Ans : (d) Sarojini Naidu was the first female to become the Governor of an Indian state. She governed Uttar Pradesh from 15 August 1947 to 2 March 1949. She was born on 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad.

Answer 67

Ans : (a) The article 361 of the Indian Constitution gives protection to the President and Governor with respect to their performing of duties. So according to this no any criminal proceeding may be carried out against President or Governor in any court during their term of office.

Answer 68

Ans : (d) The Governor is the executive head of state, and also acts as a representative of central government in state. He is appointed by President under warrant and seal. To be appointed as a Governor of a state, one who must have completed the 35 years of age and must be an Indian citizen. He hold his office during the pleasure of President and he may resign from his post by writing to the President.

Answer 69

Ans : (b) Padmaja Naidu was the longest serving Governor of West Bengal. She held the office from 3 November 1956 to 1st June 1967. She was the daughter of Sarojini Naidu.

Answer 70

Ans. (a) : The head of a state in India is Governor. She/he is appointed by central government to ensure that state government works with in rules of institution

Answer 71

Ans. (d) : Dr. B Pattabhi Sitaramaiya served as the first Governor of Madhya Pradesh. His tenure was from 1956–1957.

Answer 72

Ans. (a) : In the given options only 'a' seems to be appropriate. It is because the Governor may dissolve the state assembly in two cases. 1. On the request of Chief Minister. 2. When no-confidence motion is passed in state legislative assembly.

Answer 73

Ans. (c) : If at any time during a meeting of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council of a State there is no quorum, it shall be the duty of the Speaker or Chairman, or person acting as such, either to adjourn the House or to suspend the meeting until there is a quorum.

Answer 74

Ans. (a) : West Bengal Legislative Council in 2021 the proposal to make was passed.

Answer 75

Ans. (a) : The 6 states of India are those who have bicameral legislature they are (Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Odisha, Telangana, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh). Article 168 states that For every State, there shall be a Legislature which shall consist of the Governor and two Houses to be known respectively as the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly.

Answer 76

Ans. (c) : Article 171 deals with the provision of Vidhan Parishad in the state. Article 171 deals with nominations of members to state legislative councils and requires the state Governor to nominate some names of those who have “special knowledge or practical experience. They are nominated in respect of such matters as the following, namely: Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service.’’ As per Article 171 of the Indian Constitution, the total number of Members in the Legislative council of a State shall not exceed one- third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly. Of the total number of Members of the Legislative Council, 1/3 of Members are elected by electorates consisting of the Members of Local Authorities, 1/12 are elected by electorates consisting of graduates residing in the State, 1/12 are elected by electorates consisting of persons engaged in teaching, 1/3 are elected by the Members of Legislative Assembly and the remaining are nominated by the Governor.

Answer 77

Ans. (d) As of January 2021, there are as many as six states that have Upper House called State Legislative Council.

Answer 78

Ans. (d) : Though the tenure of members of Legislative Council is of 6 years. But its one- third members retire every second year. Currently 6 Indian states have Legislative Council → Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Maharashtra, Bihar & Uttar Pradesh.

Answer 79

Ans. (c) : Article 169 of the Indian Constitution provides for the formation of Legislative Council. It is a permanent house. The minimum age limit for becoming a member of the Legislative Council is 30 years and the term of each member is 6 years.

Answer 80

Ans : (d) Indian states Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh have bicameral legislatures. These states have two houses known as legislative council and legislative assembly. In the remaining states, there is only one house known as a legislative assembly. Note:–At the time when question was asked Jammu and Kashmir was having bicameral legislature. In 2019 The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019 was passed which re-constituted the state into two union territories 'Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh with effect from 31st October 2019.

Answer 81

Ans. (b) :

Answer 82

Ans. (c) : See the explanation of above question

Answer 83

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 84

Ans : (c) Minimum age limit for the membership of Vidhan Parisad or Legislative Council is 30 years. Its members have a fixed tenure of 6 years and 1/3rd of its members retire every 2nd year, like as of Rajya Sabha. Minimum age limit for membership of Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assembly is 25 years.

Answer 85

Ans : (b) According to the article 239 a of the Indian Constitution, the number of ministers in the council of ministers of Delhi shall not exceed the 10% of total members of Delhi's legislative assembly. The total number of seats in legislative assembly of Delhi is 70. Hence, it will have 7 ministers (1 CM & other 6 ministers) and also according to Article 75 of the Indian constitution the central council of ministers may not exceed 15% of total members of Lok Sabha.

Answer 86

Ans. (b) : Article 164(1A) provides that the total number of ministers, including the Chief Minister, in the Council of Ministers in a state cannot exceed 15% of the total number of members of the Legislative Assembly of that state (But it can’t be less than 12 member).

Answer 87

Ans. (a) : The Telangana assembly has a total of 119 seats, out of which 119 are elected members and 1 is a nominated member from the Anglo-Indian community. Note- In January 2020, the Anglo-Indians were abolished by the 104th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019, which earlier reserved seats in the Parliament and State Legislatures of India.

Answer 88

Ans : (d) Sucheta Kripalani (25 June 1908-1 December 1974) was India's first woman Chief Minister, of any state in India". She served as Chief Minister of the Uttar Pradesh from 1963 to 1967.

Answer 89

Ans. (b) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 90

Ans. (b) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 91

Ans : (a) Jammu and Kashmir State legislative Assembly had tenure of 6 years. However other states of India have 5 year tenure of legislative assembly.

Answer 92

Ans : (c) If the state legislature refuses to pass annual budget then it is usually considered that the government of the day has lost the faith in the legislature state i.e it does not have majority of the legislative. In such a scenario, the council of ministers along with the Chief Minister has to resign.

Answer 93

Ans. (b) : Harish Rawat's term as Chief Minister was the shortest term as per the given option. 1. Harish Rawat – 21 April 2016 to 22 April 2016 (1 Day) 2. B.S Yediyurappa – 17 May 2018 to 23 May 2018 (6 days) 3. Om Prakash Chautala – 12 July 1990 to 17 July 1990 (5 days) 4. Devendra Fadnavis – 23 November 2019 to 26 November 2019 (3 days)

Answer 94

Ans. (b) : Total Five types of writs can be issued under articles 32 and 226 of the Indian constitution. A Writ is a formal written order issued by the executive or judicial body that directs the individual or authority to do or refrain from doing a particular act. The five types of writs issued in India are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition and Quo-Warranto. • Article 32 also empowers Parliament to authorize any other court to issue these writs • Article 226 empowers all the High Courts of India to issue the writs

Answer 95

Ans. (a) : A writ is a formal written order issued by the executive or judicial body that directs the individual or authority to do or refrain from doing a Particular act- Constitution of India gives the right of high court to issue writ.

Answer 96

Ans. (a) : The first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in India was Hiralal Jekisundas Kania. Presently the Chief Justice of India is D.Y. It is Chandrachud.

Answer 97

Ans. (d) : The state judiciary consists of a high court and a hierarchy of subordinate courts, also known as lower courts. The appointment, posting and promotion of District Judges in a state are made by the governor of the state in consultation with the high court (Article 233).

Answer 98

Ans. (c) : Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud has been appointed as the new Chief Justice of India on 9th November 2022. Justice Chandrachud is the 50th CJI and has taken over the post from Justice U.U Lalit who served a brief term as India’s 49th Chief Justice.

Answer 99

Ans. (c) : Calcutta High Court is the oldest high court in the country, established on 2 July 1862. High courts that handle numerous cases of a particular region have permanent benches established there.

Answer 100

Ans. (a) : India’s first female Supreme Court judge Fatima Bibi belongs to Kerala state

Answer 101

Ans. (c) : In 1971, the state of Himachal Pradesh was granted its own High Court, which replaced the jurisdiction of the High Court of Delhi in the state. The High Court of Delhi initially had jurisdiction over the Union Territory of Delhi and the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab. In 1966, Punjab was divided into two states – Punjab and Haryana – and the jurisdiction of the High Court of Delhi was limited to the Union Territory of Delhi and Himachal Pradesh. The state of Himachal Pradesh was granted its own High Court on January 25, 1971, by the Himachal Pradesh High Court Act, 1971.

Answer 102

Ans. (b) : Recently, the Supreme Court (SC) has ruled that daughters will have equal rights to their father’s property even prior to the enactment of the Hindu Succession Act (HAS) of 1956. The case involved a dispute over the property of a person who died in 1949 leaving behind a daughter who also died issueless in 1967.

Answer 103

Ans. (a) : Article 140 of the Constitution refers to the Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court. Parliament may by law make provision for conferring upon the Supreme Court such supplemental powers not inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Constitution as may appear to be necessary or desirable for enabling the court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by or under this Constitution

Answer 104

Ans. (c) : Justice Indu Malhotra penned a dissenting opinion Entry of women to Sabarimala. The court gave its verdict on a clutch of pleas challenging the ban on entry of women at Sabarimala in Kerala.

Answer 105

Ans. (a) : Under Article 141 of the Constitution, the decision of the Supreme Court is binding on all the courts throughout India.

Answer 106

Ans. (d) : The High Court of Delhi was established on 31st October 1966 under the Delhi High Court Act, 1966. Prior to the establishment of the High Court of Delhi in 1966, the administration of justice in Delhi was under the Punjab High Court. The Delhi High Court has jurisdiction over Delhi, New Delhi.

Answer 107

Ans. (a) As per April 2021, Justice N.V. Ramana was appointed as the Chief Justice of India.

Answer 108

Ans. (a) : Madras High Court was established in 1862

Answer 109

Ans. (a) The Contempt of Courts Act was passed in 1971 to define and limit the powers of certain courts in punishing contempt of courts and to regulate their procedure.

Answer 110

Ans. (c) : Supreme Court of India came into existence on 26 January, 1950 and is located on Tilak Marg, New Delhi. The Supreme Court of India functioned from the Parliament House till it moved to the present building. On the 28th of January, 1950, two days after India became a sovereign Democratic Republic, the Supreme Court came into being. Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deal with the organisations, independence, jurisdiction, powers and procedures of the Supreme Court. The 48th and present Chief Justice of Supreme Court is NV Ramana.

Answer 111

Ans : (d) Article 131 of the Indian Constitution grants Original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court. According to this, the Supreme Court of India has original Jurisdiction over the following matters. (a) Any dispute between the government of India and one or more states. (b) Any disputes between government of India and any states or states on one side and one or more other states on the other. (c) Any dispute between two or more states.

Answer 112

Ans. (b) : The Calcutta High Court was the first High Court established in India. It was formally opened on 1st July, 1862, with Sir Barns Peacock as its first Chief Justice. Earlier it was known as 'The High Court of Judicature at Fort William'. Presently it is the oldest High Court in India and has jurisdiction over the state of West Bengal and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Answer 113

Ans : (b) The power of the Supreme Court of India to decide disputes between the centre and the states falls under, its original jurisdiction. The original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time as opposed to appellate jurisdiction when a court has the power to review a lower court's decision. In India the Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction on all cases between the government and the states or between government and states on side and one or more states on other side or cases between different states. In addition, Article 32 of the Constitution of India grants writ jurisdiction to the Supreme Court on all cases involving the enforcement of Fundamental Rights of citizens of India.

Answer 114

Ans. (a) : Public Interest Litigation (PIL) refers to litigation undertaken to secure public interest and demonstrate the availability of justice to socially dis advantaged parties and was introduced by Justice P.N. Bhagwati.

Answer 115

Ans : (b) The three rights provided by Constitution of India to ensure fair trial are described in Article 20 of Indian Constitution. These are– (i) No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of the law in force at, the time of the commission of the act charged as an offence nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence. (ii) No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once. (iii) No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

Answer 116

Ans. (b) : The Lok Adalats have been constituted under the Legal Service Authority Act, 1987. In India it has become an alternative of courts for resolving different kind of issues that is why it has been put under Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). It is a forum where cases pending in court of law or at pre-litigation stage are compromised amicably. The first Lok Adalat was organized in Gujarat in 1982

Answer 117

Ans : (a) The Constitution has not fixed the tenure of a judge of the Supreme Court. However it makes the following three provisions in this regard. ♦ He holds office until he attains the age of 65 years. ♦ He can resign his office by writing to the President. ♦ He can be removed from his office by the President on the recommendation of the parliament.

Answer 118

ns. (b) : The procedure for removal of the Supreme Court Judge is guided by Article 124 (4) of the Constitution of India. Article 218 provides the application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts. A Judge of the Supreme Court can not be removed from office except by an order of the President passed after an address in each house of parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that house and by a majority of not less then two thirds of members present and voting.

Answer 119

Ans : (a) Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deals with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers and procedures of the Supreme Court. Article 139 A (2) states that the Supreme Court may, if it seems expedient so to do for the ends of justice transfer any case, appeal or other proceedings before any High Court to any other High Court pending.

Answer 120

Ans : (c) The Constitution has made the following provisions to safeguard and ensure the independent and impartial functioning of the Supreme Court. Mode of appointment Security of tenure Fixed service conditions Expenses charged on the Consolidated Fund Conduct of judges cannot be discussed Ban on practice after retirement Power to punish for its contempt Freedom to appoint its staff Its Jurisdiction cannot be curtailed Separation from executive

Answer 121

Ans : (c) According to article 233 of Indian Constitution, appointments of persons to be and the posting and promotion of district judges in any state shall be made by the Governor of the state in consultation with the High Court.

Answer 122

Ans : (d) Article 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution deals with the organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers and procedures of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is a Federal Court. Its only seat is located in Delhi. It is the highest Judicial Court and the Final Court of Appeal under the Constitution of India with the power of Judicial Review to strike down the legislative and executive actions contrary to the provisions and scheme of the constitution, hence it is also called as Guardian of the Constitution

Answer 123

Ans : (c) According to Article 235 of Indian Constitution the system of appointment of Judges, their qualifications and working of subordinate courts is under the direct control and supervision of the High Court of the state concerned

Answer 124

Ans : (c) The Supreme Court of India has Advisory Jurisdiction in matters which may specifically be referred to it by the President of India under Article 143 of the Constitution. The advice given by the Supreme Court is not binding on the President.

Answer 125

Ans : (a) Article 231 of the Constitution of India is related to the chapter of High Courts in states under Part VI of the constitution and deals with subject matter of State Government. As per provisions under this article Parliament may by law establish a common High Court for two or more states.

Answer 126

Ans : (b) Leila Seth (20 October 1930-5 May 2017) was an Indian judge served as the first woman judge of the Delhi High Court in 1978 and became the first woman to become Chief Justice of a High Court on 5 August 1991. She is the mother of novelist Vikram Seth

Answer 127

Ans. (c) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 128

Ans : (c) Lok Adalats are important as an alternative mode of dispute settlement. It is organized by state or district authorities under Legal Services Authorities Act of 1987. It aims and includes securing justice to weaker section and mass disposal of cases to reduce cost and delay. It does not give power to rule in the hands of the common man.

Answer 129

Ans. (d) : The article 144 of the Indian Constitution mentions that all authorities, civil and judicial in the territory of India shall act in aid of the Supreme Court. Article 121 –Restriction on discussion in parliament. Article 137–Review of Judgment or orders by the Supreme Court subject to the provision of any law made by parliament

Answer 130

Ans. (a) : In the year 1991, 108 members of parliament signed on a motion to remove a judge (V. Ramaswamy) from his post. Justice Ramaswamy was alleged that he was involved in an act of financial irregulation while being on post of Chief Justice of Punjab & Haryana High Court. So an Impeachment bill was initiated against him but could not be passed.

Answer 131

Ans. (b) State High Court Gujarat Ahmedabad Uttarakhand Nainital Odisha Cuttak Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Uttar Pradesh Prayagraj Punjab and Haryana Chandigarh

Answer 132

Ans. (c) : As regarding the others the Indian Constitution adopted an integrated judiciary where the Supreme Court stands on top which is the Highest Court of appeal in the country and it is also called as court of last resort, apex court etc

Answer 133

Ans. (d) : Decisions made by Supreme Court are binding on all parts of India. As it is the highest court of appeal.

Answer 134

Ans. (d) : Justice Harilal J. Kania served as the first Chief Justice of India from 1950-51.

Answer 135

Ans. (b) : Article 140 of the Indian Constitution has provision related to ancillary powers of Supreme Court.

Answer 136

Ans. (c) : The central government have to set up 12 special courts to swiftly remove criminal cases against tainted MPs and MLAs

Answer 137

Ans. (a) : The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, commonly known as the Telangana Act. It is an act of the Indian Parliament that bifurcated the state of Andhra Pradesh into Telangana and the residuary Andhra Pradesh state

Answer 138

Ans. (d) : Indian federation was the result of an agreement by sovereign units to join it is not true about union of states but the country was divided into different states for administrative convenience. ‘Union of States is mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution of India, which describes India as a ‘sovereign socialist secular democratic republic’ that is a ‘Union of States’. The Union of States structure has several implications for the governance of India: Division of power, Cooperative federalism, Unity in diversity.

Answer 139

Ans. (b) : Article 3 of the Indian Constitution deals with the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States

Answer 140

Ans. (c) : The State Reorganisation Act, 1956 reformed the boundaries of Indian states and territories, systematizing them on language base. The newly drafted Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950 distinguished states into four main types. This article briefly shares details on the diffirent types of states as classified in the constitution of India

Answer 141

Ans. (b) : Mysore state was a state within the dominion and the later Republic of India from its formation in 1947, out of the territories of the kingdom of Mysore, until 1956 with Bangalore as its capital. The state was considerably enlarged in 1956 when it became a linguistically homogeneous Kannada - speaking state within the union of India. It was subsequently renamed as the state of Karnataka.

Answer 142

Ans. (a) : Nagaland state was formed on 1 December 1963. It is separated from Assam.

Answer 143

Ans. (b) : Jharkhand was founded by the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000. On 15 November, 2000 Jharkhand became the 28th state of India. Jharkhand is also known as ''The land of forest" or "Bushland".

Answer 144

Ans. (c) : Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 while state Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand were formed on 1st, 9th and 15th of November 2000, respectively

Answer 145

Ans. (a) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 146

Ans. (d) : On 18 December, 1970 the state of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25th January, 1971. Early in 1971, Himachal Pradesh became the 18th state of India.

Answer 147

Ans. (c) : The statehood day of Tripura is observed on 21st January. Full - fledged states under the North Eastern Region ( Reorganisation) Act, 1971.

Answer 148

Ans. (d) : The Bombay Reorganization Act was passed by the Parliament of India on April 25, 1960. The act came into effect on May 1, 1960. Under this act, Maharashtra and Gujarat were divided and both states attain statehood

Answer 149

Ans. (a) : Part I of the Indian Constitution deals with the Union and its territory. It covers articles 1 to 4

Answer 150

Ans. (a) Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura became states under North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971

Answer 151

Ans. (b) : The Article 3 of the Indian Constitution authorizes some powers whose brief descriptions are. to form a new state by separation of territory from any state or by uniting two or more states or parts of state or by uniting any territory to a part of any state. –To increase the area of a state – To diminish the area of the state – To alter the borders of the states – To change the name of a state. Note–The major difference between Article 2 and article 3 is that- Article 2 deals with establishing or admission of a new state from outside the Indian territory whereas article 3 provides the power to create a new state from the existing states.

Answer 152

Ans. (b) : As of contemporary reports Ladakh is the newest UT among these options. As after the abolishment of article 370, the state of Jammu and Kashmir got divided into. UT of Ladakh, UT of Jammu and Kashmir

Answer 153

Ans. : (d) Hyderabad was included in India by "Police Action" in 1948. It was coded as "Operation Polo".

Answer 154

Ans. (b) : Arunachal Pradesh & Mizoram became States on – 20th February 1987 (as 23rd & 24th states respectively) Goa on – 30 May, 1987 (as 25th state)

Answer 155

Ans (b) : In 1972 Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura joined the India Union. Thus the total number of states in India was increased to 21. On 21 January, 2020 three states celebrated their Establishment Day on completion of 48 years of their formation.

Answer 156

Ans. (d) : Union territory of Daman and Diu has been merged with the union territory of Dadra Nagar Haveli and the new UT will be called Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu with effect from 26 January 2020. The number of union territories has now been increased to eight.

Answer 157

Ans : (c) Dadra and Nagar Haveli was the first territory to be included on 11th August, 1965, after the independence. ● It’s a union territory of India. ● It has mostly rural population with 62% tribal population. ● Damanganga is a prominent river here which falls in Arabian Sea.

Answer 158

Ans. (d) : The territory of Ladakh consists of two districts–(1) Kargil (2) Leh.

Answer 159

Ans. (a) : The State Election Commission is entrusted with the task of conducting free and fair elections for local bodies in the state. • Under Article 243 (2) (A), the supervision, direction and control of the election processes and the management of all elections of municipalities will be under the authority of the State Election Commission. • Under Article 243 (K) (1), the responsibility of elections to Panchayati Raj institutions has been entrusted to the State Election Commission.

Answer 160

Ans. (c) : The idea of the Panchayati Raj system in India signifies the system of rural local self-government. The 73rd amendment act added a new part IX and article 243 to 243 O to the Indian constitution. The 73rd amendment act of the Indian constitution gave constitutional status to the Panchayati raj system. • The term Panchayati raj was coined by Jawahar Lal Nehru. • The Panchayati Raj Act came into force on 24th April 1993. • April 24th is observed as the national Panchayati raj day since 2011

Answer 161

Ans. (d) : A new chapter Panchayati Raj was added to Indian Constitution on recommendations of LM Singhavi Committee. It was added by 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. Rajasthan was the first state to set up Panchayati Raj system in Nagaur district on 02 October 1959 by then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru followed by Andhra Pradesh. The committee involve to evolution of Panchayat Raj system is as follows. Balwant Rai Mehta committee, Ashok Mehta committee, GVK Rao committee and LM Singhavi committee.

Answer 162

Ans : (b) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 163

Ans. (a) : The article 243-ZD of the Indian Constitution accounts for certain provisions related to the district planning committee. One of its important provisions is that, it mentions that a district planning committee must be set up in every state to consolidate the plans prepared by panchayats and municipalities, and to determine a framework of development plan for a district as whole.

Answer 164

Ans. (a) : Panchayati Raj Institution is a system of rural local self-government in India. It was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 to build democracy at the grass root level. Panchayati Raj system exists in Arunachal Pradesh while Meghalaya, Nagaland and Mizoram have not been implemented due to socio-cultural and administrative reasons.

Answer 165

Ans. (d) : Three-tier Panchayati Raj system has been established in India. a) Gram Panchayats at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at the block level and Zila Parishad at the district level. The Panchayat Samiti formed at the block level is the administrative authority.

Answer 166

Ans : (d) See the explanation of above question

Answer 167

Ans. (b) : The representatives of a Gram panchayat are elected for a 5 year term.

Answer 168

Ans : (d) The article 243 (b) of the Indian Constitution contains provisions related to panchayats. In every state there must. Gram panchayat– at village level Kshetra panchayat – at block level Zila Samiti /Zila panchayat – at district level. But it further mentions that in a state where population is less than 20 lakh then there won't be any Kshetra Panchayat in such states. –West Bengal is the only state in India, which owes the provision of four tier panchayat system.

Answer 169

Ans. (b) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 170

Ans. (d) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 171

Ans : (b) Every Panchayat unless sooner dissolved under any law for the time being in force shall continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer. According to 243 E (3) of the Indian Constitution the elections for the fresh panchayat must be held before the term of the existing panchayat gets over. If it has been dissolved before the time then fresh election must be held with six months from the date of dissolution.

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