Polity4 Flashcards

Question

Who was the Chairman of the Fifteenth Finance Commission of India? (a) A.K. Chanda (b) Y.V. Reddy (c) Vijay Kelkar (d) N.K. Lion

Answer 1

Ans. (d) : The 15th finance commission’s chairman is Nand Kishore Singh. The Sixteenth Finance Commission was constituted on 31.12.2023 with Shri Arvind Panagariya, former Vice-Chairman, NITI Aayog as its Chairman

Answer 2

Ans. (d) : 338B(1): There shall be a Commission for the socially and educationally backward classes to be known as the National Commission for Backward Classes. The 102nd Amendment Act of 2018 inserted Article 338-B and gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).

Answer 3

Ans. (a) : This committee was set up first in 1921 under the provisions of the Government of India Act of 1919. At present, it consists of 22 members (15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the Rajya Sabha). The term of office of the members is one year. The members are elected by the Parliament every year from amongst its members according to the principle of proportional representation By means of the single transferable vote. Thus, all parties get due representation in it

Answer 4

Ans. (a) : National human rights commission is not a constitutional body in India.

Answer 5

Ans : (c) Umesh Sinha has been appointed as the Deputy Election Commissioner in the Election Commission of India. He is a 1986 Batch IAS Officer (retired) of Uttar Pradesh Cadre. Note- Currently, Chief Election Commission of India is Mr. Sushil Chandra. The first Chief Election Commission of India was Sukumar Sen The first Woman Chief Election Commissioner of India was V.S. Ramadevi.

Answer 6

Ans : (b) The first Law Commission of Independent India was set up in 1955

Answer 7

Ans. (a) : The Chief Commissioner of Central Information Commission is appointed by the President on the recommendation of a committee consisting of the Prime Minister as Chairperson, the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha and a Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Minister. The Central Information Commission (CIC) was established by the central government of India in 2005, under the provisions of the Right to Information Act (2005). It is a non-constitutional body.

Answer 8

Ans : (a) The tenure of members of UPSC is 6 years of 65 years of age or which ever is earlier. But the members of State Public Service Commission have a tenure of 6 years or 62 years of age, which ever is earlier. This provision falls under the Part-XIV of Indian Constitution from Article 315-323.

Answer 9

Ans.(d) : The Prime Minister of India is the Chairman of Planning Commission and National Integration Council of India. The National Integration Council was established in the year 1961 by the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. It is an extra-constitutional body. The Planning Commission was set up by a resolution of the Government of India in March 1950. In 2014, PM Narendra Modi led government decided to replace it by the newly formed NITI Aayog.

Answer 10

Ans. (d) : P.K Thungan Committee (1989) : This committee recommended for regular elections of the Panchayati Raj institutions and also suggested that Zila Parishad should play the role of agency of planning and development.

Answer 11

Ans. (b) : National Human Rights Commission is an independent statutory body established on 12 October 1993 as per provision of protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. NHRC is a multi member body which consists of a chairman and seven other members. President appoints the chairman and members of NHRC on recommendation of high powered committee headed by Prime Minister. The chairperson and members of the NHRC are appointed for 5 years or till age of 70 years. This commission is not mentioned in our constitution

Answer 12

Ans. (c) : The Government of India constituted a commission on centre-state relations under the chairmanship of Justice Madan Mohan Punchhi on 27 April 2007 to look into the new issues of centre state relationship.

Answer 13

Ans. (b) : The NITI (Naitonal Institution for Transforming India) Aayog is not a constitutional body. It replaced the Planning commission on 1 January 2015. It is a non-constitutional body. Rest all are constitutional bodies. Finance Commission - Article 280 National Commission for Schedule Tribes - Article 338 (a) Election Commission - Article 324

Answer 14

Ans. (c) : The first Backward Class Commission was headed by Kaka Kalelkar. It was set up by a Presidential order on 29th January 1953.

Answer 15

Ans. (d) : National Development Council was set up on August 6, 1952 to strengthen and mobilize the effort and resources of the nation in support of the plan. It is the apex body for decision making and deliberation on development matters in India presided over by the Prime Minister.

Answer 16

Ans : (c) National Development Council (NDC) was setup in 1952. Prime Minister is the chairman of NDC, Members of Planning Commission now (NITI Aayog), all Central Cabinet Ministers and Chief Ministers of states are its members. It was created with an aim to strengthen and mobilize effort and resources of nation for balanced and rapid development of country. It is an extra constitutional and non statutory body.

Answer 17

Ans. (d) : Justice Fazal Ali was the chairman of the States Reorganisation Commission. Post independence, the first state to be created on a linguistic basis was Andhra Pradesh in 1953, created out of Telugu- speaking area.

Answer 18

Ans : (c) The Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission as a quasi-judicial body. It is constituted by the President on every fifth year or before if required. The finance commission consists of one chairman and 4 other members appointed by the President. Their tenure is decided by President and are eligible for re-appointment. Recently, 15th commission of India has submitted its report which is headed by Nand Kishor (NK) Singh

Answer 19

Ans (b) : See explanation of the above questions.

Answer 20

Ans. (d) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 21

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 22

Ans. (b) : See the explanation of above question

Answer 23

Ans (d) : Union Public Service Commission, a constitutional body established by the Constitution of India which conducts examinations for the appointment of public service official of the Government of India. It was founded on 1st October 1926. Article 315 to 323 in Part XIV of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of the Public Service Commission

Answer 24

Ans. (d) : The government of India appointed the second all India Backward Class Commission on 1st January, 1979 popularly known as Mandal Commission under article 340 of the Constitution to investigate the condition of socially and educationally backward class.

Answer 25

Ans. (c) : In the 1978 it was Janata Party which overturned central politics by rising into power. Further the Janata Party government appointed the second backward class commissions better known as Mandal Commission headed by Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal.

Answer 26

Ans. (a) : S.K. Dhar Commission (1948) and JVP Committee (1948) advocated for reorganization of states based on geographical contiguity, administrative convenience, financial, self-reliance and potential for development.

Answer 27

Ans : (a) The Mandal Commission was established in India on 1st January 1979 by Janata Party and submitted its report in 1980.

Answer 28

Ans : (d) The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a the statutory body of the government of India, concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting women. It was established on 31st January, 1992. The first head of the commission was Jayanti Patnaik. As of 30 November, 2018, Rekha Sharma is the Chairperson.

Answer 29

Ans : (d) The NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) is a think tank of the government of India. It was established on 01 January 2015 as a replacement for the Planning Commission to give suggestions to the government at the central and state levels with relevant strategic directional and technical advice across the spectrum of key elements of policy development process. The Prime Minister of India heads the NITI Aayog as the Ex-officio chairman. Currently Rajiv Kumar is the vice chairman of the NITI Aayog.

Answer 30

Ans : (b) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 31

Ans. (c) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 32

Ans. (c) : The Sarkaria Commission was constituted by the government of India in June 1983. Former Supreme Court Judge Ranjeet Singh Sarkaria was appointed as its Chairman. It had been given the responsibility to cross examine the dimensions of entire state relationship and to give some recommendations to bring a balance

Answer 33

Ans. (b) : Former Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghosh has been appointed as India's first Lokpal by the President on 23rd March 2019. It has its headquarters in New Delhi. Lokpal – Chairman : Pinaki Chandra Ghosh (former Justice of Supreme Court) Judicial Members – 1. Justice Dilip B. Bhonsale 2. Justice Pradeep Mohti 3. Justice Abhilasha Kumari 4. Justice Ajay Tripathi Non Judicial members: – 1. Dinesh kumar Jain 2. Archana Ramasundaram 3. Mahendra Singh 4. Dr. Indrajeet Prasad Gautam.

Answer 34

Ans. : (a) The Vijay Kelkar Committee was formed in 2015 and was held with the responsibility of public private partnership (PPP) model. It submitted its recommendations on 19th November, 2015.

Answer 35

Ans. (a) : The establishment of a Inter-State Council was provisioned by Sarkaria Commission in 1983.

Answer 36

Ans. (c) : The Sachar Committee was headed by former Chief Justice of Delhi High Court Rajinder Singh Sachar to study the social, economic and educational conditions of Muslim minorities in India

Answer 37

Ans. (a) : The Estimates Committee consists of 30 members and all are from Lok Sabha.

Answer 38

Ans : (b) The Estimates Committee is the largest parliamentary committee. It consists of 30 members, who are elected by the Lok Sabha every year from amongst its members. It was first setup in 1950. The committee analyses the expenditure and revenue, estimates of various departments and suggests alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration. It is also known as Continuous Economy Committee

Answer 39

Ans. : (a) The monetary policy contains from 4 to 6 members, 2 or 3 from RBI and others from government. Usually they hold office for 4 years

Answer 40

Ans. (d) : Haryana state was formed on 1 November 1966 on the recommendations of the Sardar Hukam Singh Parliamentary Committee. It was announced in parliament on 23 September 1965

Answer 41

Ans : (a) Both Public Accounts Committee and Estimates Committee on Parliamentary Committees help in strengthening financial control of Parliament over executive. Estimates Committee has a role in budget planning i.e. it has a role before approval of expenditure from parliament whereas Public Accounts Committee play its role when actual expenditure has been done i.e auditing expenditure. That is why Public Accounts Committee and Estimates Committee are termed as twin sisters.

Answer 42

Ans : (c) Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament is one of the Parliamentary Committees that examines the annual audit reports of CAG which the President lays before the Parliament of India. Those three reports are. 1. Audit report on appropriation accounts. 2. Audit report on finance accounts. 3. Audit report on public undertakings. PAC has 22 members. All the members are taken from the Indian Parliament, out of 22 members 15 are elected from Lok Sabha (Lower House) and 7 Members are elected from Rajya Sabha (Upper House).

Answer 43

Ans. (c) : Article 355 states, “It shall be the duty of the Union to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the Government of every State is carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.” Article 353-Effect of Proclamation of Emergency. Article 356- Provisions in case of failure of constitutional Machinery in states Article 358- Suspension of provisions of Article 19 during emergencies Article 359- Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during Emergencies

Answer 44

Ans. (b) : While a proclamation of emergency is in operation the duration of the Lok Sabha can be extended for a period of one year at a time. The effect of this emergency is that while it is in operation, the life of Lok Sabha may be extended beyond its normal term i.e., beyond five years by a law of Parliament. It can be extended for one year at a time and cannot be continued beyond six months if the emergency has ceased to operate or revoked.

Answer 45

Ans. (d) : The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added three new words – Socialist, Secular and Integrity in the preamble. It also added Fundamental Duties by the citizens (new Part IV A).

Answer 46

Ans : (d) The first state government of Kerala was formed in 1957, led by CM EMS Namboodiripad. It consisted of other 11 ministers. It was known for its land reform ordinance. But in 1959 the government was dismissed by the central government, with the collective tool of presidential rule under article 356 of the Indian constitution.

Answer 47

Ans. (b) : When the emergency was imposed in India in 1975 for the third time the President of India at that time was Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (24 August 1974 to 11 February 1977) and the contemporary Prime Minister of India was Indira Gandhi.

Answer 48

Ans : (b) Emergency in 1975 was officially issued by the then President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed under Article 352 of the constitution because of the prevailing "Internal disturbance", the emergency was in effect from 25 June 1975 until its withdrawal on 21 March 1977

Answer 49

Ans : (d) Under the provisions of Article 352, National emergency was declared for internal disturbance from 25th June 1975 to 21st March 1977 by the then President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed during the Prime Ministership of Indira Gandhi.

Answer 50

Ans : (b) Article 356 of the Constitution of India gives the President of India the power to suspend state government and impose president's rule in any state in the country "if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution. 'It is also known as 'state emergency' or constitutional emergency'.

Answer 51

Ans. : (d) In the night of 25 June, 1975 contemporary Prime Minister Indira Gandhi recommended the then President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed to impose emergency.

Answer 52

Ans. (c) : Emergency Provision– Article 356 of the Constitution of India gives the President of India the power to impose this rule on a state on the advice of the union council of ministers when the activities of state governments cannot be carried out through Constitutional provisions

Answer 53

Ans : (d) The emergency provisions are contained in Part-XVIII of the Constitutions of India from Article 352 to 360. The Constitution stipulates three types of emergencies. 1. National Emergency-Article 352 of the Constitution provides for the provision of National emergency. a) War b) External aggression c) Armed rebellion. 2. President's Rule- Article 356 empowers the President to issue a proclamation if he/she is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a state can not be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. 3. Financial emergency– Article 360 empowers the President to proclaim a financial emergency if he/she is satisfied that a situation has arisen due to which the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.

Answer 54

Ans : (a) State emergency declared under the provision of Article 356 by the President. It must be approved by parliament within six months. After approval by parliament it may remain in operation for not more than 6 months from the date of proclamation unless after parliament extends it. Parliament can extend it by approval after every six months. It can be withdrawn anytime by the President.

Answer 55

Ans : (c) When National emergency declared under Article 352 i.e due to war, external aggression or armed rebellion all Fundamental Rights except those under Article 20 and 21 are not suspended. Article 20– deals with protection in respect of conviction for offences. Article 21– deals with protection of life and personal liberty. Above two Fundamental Rights are Part of Right to Freedom.

Answer 56

Ans. (a) : The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Fourth Amendment) Bill, 2022, was passed in the Rajya Sabha in December 2022. This is to amend the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 in relation to its application to the State of Karnataka.

Answer 57

Ans. (d) : The Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court of India (judges number 5) has upheld 10% of EWS reservation with a majority of 3-2 on the validity of the 103rd Constitution Amendment Act 2019. The Court ruled that the 10% reservation for economically weaker general sections does not violate any feature of the Constitution nor does it violate the basic structure of the Indian Constitution.

Answer 58

Ans. (a) : By 89th Constitutional Amendment Act 2003 The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was divided into two parts – National Commission for Scheduled Castes (Article 338) and National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (Article 338-A).

Answer 59

Ans. (c) : By the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act 2002 11th fundamental duty was added. This ensured that education opportunities were provided to our children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.

Answer 60

Ans. (c) : 61st Amendment In India, every adult citizen above the age of 18 years gets a chance to vote. This age limit was 21 years until the 61st amendment was introduced to the Constitution in 1988.

Answer 61

Ans. (b) : The Constitution (87th Amendment) Act, 2003, is an amendment to the Constitution of India that altered the 1950 national census as the basis for the delimitation of constituencies of Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies. This amendment changed the original freeze based on the 1971 census until the 2001 census enforced by the 42nd amendment in 1976 due to concerns around unequal population growth rates among different states.

Answer 62

Ans. (c) : The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty- seventh Amendment) Bill, 2021 was introduced in the Lok Sabha by the Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment. Under this, the National Backward Classes Commission was given constitutional status.

Answer 63

Ans. (c) : Fundamental Duties were included in the Constitution by the Forty-second Constitutional Amendment 1976.

Answer 64

Ans. (b) : The 42nd Constitutional Amendment was passed in 1976 during the emergency period in India. It was a controversial amendment as it granted more powers to the central government and curtailed the powers of the state governments. The amendment added several new principles to the Indian Constitution, including the protection and improvement of the environment.

Answer 65

Ans. (a) : The 86th Constitutional Amendment (2002) inserted Article 21A in the Indian Constitution which states: “The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of 6 to 14 years in such manner as the State, may by law determine.

Answer 66

Ans. (b) The 61st Amendment to the Constitution of India reduced the age for voting from 21 to 18 years.

Answer 67

Ans. (d) An amendment in the RTI Act, 2005 was proposed in 2019. The amendments are Chief Information Commissioners and Information Commissioners be appointed for such term as it prescribed by the central government.

Answer 68

Ans. (b) Under the 26th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971, privy purses were abolished and all rights and liability and obligation in respect of privy purses were extinguisted.

Answer 69

Ans. (d) 88th Amendment Act of 2003 added a new subject in the Union List called "taxes on service".

Answer 70

Ans. (a) The 40th Amendement Act of 1976 was applied to Article 297 of the Constitution of India. Article 297 defined things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) to vest in the Union to be held for the purposes of the Union.

Answer 71

Ans. (c) The 7th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1956 of the Indian Constitution was needed to implement the recommendation of states recognisation commission regarding the reorganisation of states on a linguistic basis.

Answer 72

Ans. (c) The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 of the Constitution of India envisages the Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayati Raj System to perform functions and powers entrusted to it by the State Legislatures.

Answer 73

Ans. (b) The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act gave Constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions.

Answer 74

Ans. (a) The 100th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2015 was related with enclaves transfer between India and Bangladesh. It was signed by the then President of India, Pranab Mukherjee.

Answer 75

Ans. (c) The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India changed the description of India from a ‘sovereign democratic republic’ to a ‘sovereign, socialist secular democratic republic’ and also changed the words ‘unity of the nation’ to ‘unity and integrity of the nation’

Answer 76

Ans. (c) Through the 74th Constitutional Amendemnt Act, 1992 the parliament added Part IXA to the constitution. It was enacted in 1993 to constitutionaly recognise municipal governments.

Answer 77

Ans. (a) : The 56th Amendment Act, 1987 of the Constitution confers statehood to Goa and forms a new Union Territory of Daman and Diu. Goa thus became the 25th state of the Indian Republic.

Answer 78

Ans. (d) : The first amendment of Indian Constitution was made in 1951. It amended Articles –15, 19, 31, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 376. It also added articles 31 (a) & 31 (b) along with that it added 9th schedule in the Indian Constitution.

Answer 79

Ans : (c) The 14th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1962 incorporated Pondicherry (now Puducherry) as the 9th Union Territory of India.

Answer 80

Ans. (a) : The Preamble of the Indian Constitution included three new words i.e., Socialist, Secular and Integrity by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976

Answer 81

Ans : (c&d) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 82

Ans : (b) See the explanation of above question

Answer 83

Ans (c) : The 124th Constitutional Amendment Bill passed by the parliament on 9 January 2019 by a special majority under the Article 368 which provides 10% reservation in educational institutions and employment to the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) in general class

Answer 84

Ans. (c) : In the Constitution of India, it has been envisaged that the Council of Ministers must not exceed 15% of the total no. of members of the Legislative Assembly of that state. (i) Lok Sabha in case of Central Legislature. (ii) State Legislative assembly in case of concerned state legislature

Answer 85

Ans. (b) 86th Amendment Act, 2002 of the constitution added a new fundamental duty under article 51-A.

Answer 86

Ans. (c) : The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002 provided Right to Education as a Fundamental Right in Part III of the Constitution. The same amendment inserted 21A which made Right to Education a Fundamental Right for children between 6 to 14 years of age.

Answer 87

Ans : (c) Refer to the above solution

Answer 88

Ans. (d) : See the explanation of above question

Answer 89

Ans. (c) : The RTE (Right to Education) act was assented in the year 2009, with its aim to provide primary education to all children aged 6-14 years. It enforced education as a fundamental right under Article 21.

Answer 90

Ans. (a) : The Right to Information (Amendment) Bill was passed by Lok Sabha on 22nd July 2019. It seeks to change sections 13,16 & 27 of the RTI Act. The bill seeks to change certain provisions related to power, salaries and tenure of Chief Information Commissioner. The right to information act was enacted by government of India on 15th June 2005, and came into force on 12 October, 2005.

Answer 91

Ans. (b) : According to the 58th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987 there had been a general demand for the publication of an authoritative text of the Constitution in Hindi, whereas by the 57th Amendment Act, 1987, reservation of seats of STs in Legislative Assemblies of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland

Answer 92

Ans. (a) : Article 368 (2) provides for two types of amendments that is by a special majority of parliament and by a special majority of parliament along with the ratification of half of the state legislature by a simple majority.

Answer 93

Ans : (b) 100th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2015 notified the land boundary agreement between India and Bangladesh. The act amended the Ist schedule of the Constitution to exchange the disputed territories occupied by both the nations. India received 51 Bangladesh enclaves while Bangladesh received 111 Indian enclaves in the Bangladeshi Mainland.

Answer 94

Ans : (a) In accordance with the question, 122 will be the correct answer because as on 04-09-2016 the constitution (One hundred and Twenty Second Amendment) Bill 2014 was introduced in the parliament which seeks to introduced National Goods and service Tax (GST). Officially known as the constitutions one hundred and first Amendment Act, 2016 commenced on 01 July 2017. Currently 127 constitutional amendment have been done

Answer 95

Ans : (b) The 52nd Amendment Act of 1985 provided for the disqualification of the Members of Parliament and the State Legislatures on the grounds of defection from one political party to another. The 10th Schedule of the Indian Constitution popularly referred to as 'Anti Defection law' was inserted by the 52nd Amendment (1985) to Constitution.

Answer 96

Ans. (c) : See the explanation of above question

Answer 97

Ans. (c) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 98

Ans : (d) An amendment of the constitution may be initiated by introduction of a bill in either house of the Parliament.

Answer 99

Ans : (d) The option 'd' is not correct with reference to the 86th Amendment Act, 2002. The 86th Amendment Act was passed on 12th Dec 2002. It confers "Right to Education' in the form of fundamental right for children between age group 6-14, and the state should adopt various policies to make it available for children

Answer 100

Ans. (c) : The 44th Constitutional Amendment Act 1978 of the Indian Constitution transferred the 'Right to Property' to the article 300 (a). Earlier it was a fundamental right under the article 19 (g) & 31. Now it has been kept under the category of legal rights.

Answer 101

Ans. (a) : See the explanation of above questions.

Answer 102

Ans. (a) : The 103 Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 introduced 10% reservation for economically weaker sections of the country. The act led amendment in article 15 & 16 of the Indian Constitution

Answer 103

Ans. (d) : Fundamental Duties were added in Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976.

Answer 104

Ans. (a) : The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Bill, 2021, which was passed in March 2021 amended the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991.

Answer 105

Ans. (d) See the explanation of above questions

Answer 106

Ans. : (a) The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 granted constitutional status to urban local bodies. For this a new part, part-IX-A was added to the constitution

Answer 107

Ans. (b) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 108

Ans. : (d) The representatives of a Gram Panchayat are elected for a 5 year term. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 added 11th schedule is related with the provisions of Panchayati Raj. The act also added Part-IX in the Indian Constitution

Answer 109

Ans. (a) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 110

Ans. (c) : The Parliament may amend the constitution under the rules of Article 368 under Part-XX. The provision was included from South African Constitution.

Answer 111

Ans. (b) : The GST was: Constitutional Bill – 122nd. Constitutional Amendment – 101st.

Answer 112

Ans. (c) See the explanation of above questions.

Answer 113

Ans. (d) : Comptroller and Auditor General: CAG is an independent authority under the Constitution of India. He is the head of the Indian Audit & Account Department and the chief Guardian of the Public purse.

Answer 114

Ans. (d) : The Constitution of India (Article 148) provides for an independent office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). • He Is the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department. Article 149 deals with the powers and duties of the CAG. • His duty is to uphold the Constitution of India and the laws of Parliament in the field of financial administration. • This is the reason why Dr. B R Ambedkar said that the CAG shall be the most important Officer under the Constitution of India.

Answer 115

Ans. (a) : Article 149 deals with the powers and duties of the CAG. His duty is to uphold the Constitution of India and the laws of Parliament in the field of financial administration. • Article 151 says that the Comptroller and Auditor- General of India submit the reports in relation to the accounts of the Union to the President, who shall further lay it before each of the houses in the Parliament.

Answer 116

Ans. (b) : The Administrative Head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department is The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG). The CAG is a constitutional authority that is responsible for auditing all receipts and expenditures of the Government of India and the state governments.

Answer 117

Ans. (b) : As per Article 76 of the Indian Constitution, the Attorney General of India is the highest law officer in the country. The Attorney General of India has the right to speak and take part in the proceedings of both the Houses of Parliament, i.e. Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Attorney General of India can be a member of any committee of the Parliament. • He is the chief legal advisor to the government of India and advises it on all legal matters. • As the primary lawyer, he represents the Union Government in the Supreme Court of India. • He also advises the President of India on the legal matters referred to him

Answer 118

Ans. (c) : Article (76) of the Indian constitution deals with the office of the attorney General of India.

Answer 119

ns. (d) : Additional Solicitor General of India, senior advocate Tushar Mehta has been appointed as the new Solicitor General of India. The appointment committee of cabinet has approved the appointment of Tushar Mehta as Solicitor General of India with efffect from the date of assumption of charge of the office for a period till June 30, 2020, or until further order.

Answer 120

Ans : (b) The Article 148 of the Indian Constitution states about Comptroller and Auditor General of India. He/she is appointed by President by warrant under his hand and seal. He shall be removed from his office in like manner and on like grounds as a judge of the supreme court. He has a tenure of 6 years or upto 65 years of age (whichever is earlier). CAG is also termed as the "Guardian of Public Finance of India". He is empowered to audit all receipts and expenditure of the government of Indian and the state governments. He does not audit the receipts and expenditures of local bodies G.C. Murmu is the present CAG of India.

Answer 121

Ans. (b) : Article 76 of the Constitution provides for the office of Attorney General of India. Attorney General is appointed by the President on the advice of the government. His/her term of the office is not fixed by the Constitution. He has several duties to perform like: to give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters which are refered to him by the President. K.K. Venugopal is the present Attorney General of India.

Answer 122

Ans : (c) The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is a committee of selected members of Parliament for the auditing of the revenue audit report of Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) after it is laid in the parliament CAG assists the committee during the course of investigation.

Answer 123

Ans : (b) Article 76 under the Constitution of India provides for the office of the Attorney General of India. He is the highest law officer in the country

Answer 124

Ans : (b) Regulating Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is not the duty of Comptroller Auditor General of India.

Answer 125

Ans. (b) : A political party is a group of individuals who come together to contest elections and hold power in government. Political parties have a shared ideology or set of beliefs that guide their policies and decision- making. The members of a political party work together to promote their agenda and gain support from voters.

Answer 126

Ans. (c) : Shyama Prasad Mukherjee was the founder of Bhartiya Jana Sangh. He was also India's independent first minister of Industry and Supply. Bhartiya Jana Sangh was founded on 21 October 1951

Answer 127

Ans. (b) : India is called the largest democracy in the world. There are three types of political parties in India. 1. National parties 2. State parties 3. Regional parties As of January 2022, India has 8 national parties, over 50 recognized state parties and 2796 unrecognized parties. Here 'Aam Aadmi Party' is a state party while Bahujan Samaj Party, Communist Party of India and Trinamool Congress are National Parties

Answer 128

Ans : (c) Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) is a national level political party founded on the birth anniversary of B.R Ambedkar on 14 April 1984 by Kanshi Ram. Presently its President is Miss Mayawati. He worked for the upliftment and political mobilization of the Bahujans.

Answer 129

Ans. (b) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 130

Ans. (d) : See the explanation of above question

Answer 131

Ans : (b) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 132

Ans. (b) : In year 1977, Jagjivan Ram founded "Congress for Democracy" party. Later on in the same year the party merged in Janta Party and Babu Jagjeevan himself worked as a Deputy PM in Janta Party government i.e. (1977–79)

Answer 133

Ans. (b) : Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is a major political party of India. The party was formed on 6 April 1980. Its first President was Atal Bihari Vajpayee. It's a successor of Bharatiya Jansangh formed by Shyama Prasad Mukherji.

Answer 134

Ans. (a) : See the explanation of above question

Answer 135

Ans : (c) In the year 1925, on 26th December the Communist Party of India (CPI) was founded at Kanpur (then Cawnpore). S.V Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI, whereas, outside India Communist Party of India (CPI) was founded by Manabendra Nath Roy on October 17, 1920 at Tashkent. It was inspired by the great October Socialist Revolution in Russia.

Answer 136

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 137

Ans : (d) CPI-M stands for the Communist Party of India (Marxist). It is one of the national parties of India. CPI-M emerged as a split from communist party of India in 1964.

Answer 138

Ans : (d) All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) is an Indian political party based in West Bengal. This Party is led by its founder and current Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamta Banerjee. It was founded on 01 January 1998.

Answer 139

ns : (a) See the explanation of above question

Answer 140

Ans : (a) Indian National Congress is a part of United Progressive Alliance (UPA) which was formed after 2004 general elections of India. Sonia Gandhi is chairperson of Indian National Congress and also the chairperson of UPA.

Answer 141

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 142

Ans : (a) Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) was formed in 1999 by Sharad Pawar, P.A. Sangma and Tariq Anwar. Presently the President of NCP is Mr. Sharad Pawar

Answer 143

Ans : (d) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 144

Ans : (b) Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is a part of National Democratic Alliance (NDA). NDA was founded in 1998. The first chairman of NDA was the former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, presently it is headed by Union Minister Amit Shah.

Answer 145

Ans : (b) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 146

Ans. (b) : Indian National Congress is the political party which was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume and has faced split many time like. – Into moderates and extremist – Swarajist splits etc.

Answer 147

Ans. (d) : At present, Doraisamy Raja is the General- Secretary of the Communist Party of India. He is a former Rajya Sabha member from the state of Tamil Nadu. He wrote two books. 1 → Dalit Question: The Way Forward 2 → Marx & Ambedkar : Continuity the Dialogue

Answer 148

Ans : (a) The Lotteries Regulation Act, was passed on 1998. According to this act, lottery is considered as legal in India.

Answer 149

Ans : (b) National Emblem of India was adopted on 26 January 1950

Answer 150

Ans. (d) : Some of the important work done by Constituent Assembly were. → Adoption of National Flag on July 22, 1947. → Ratification of India's membership into Common Wealth in May 1949. → Adoption of National Anthem & National Song on 24th January 1950

Answer 151

Ans : (d) Mango (Mangifera indica) is national fruit of India.

Answer 152

Ans. (a) : In the given options all the others like symbol of Horse, Bull and four Lions were adopted from Ashoka's Sarnath Pillar Inscription. Except Satyameve Jayate, as it has been taken from "Mundakopnishad".

Answer 153

Ans. (d) : In the given options camel is such an animal which doesn't find a place in National Emblem of India.

Answer 154

Ans : (a) The India Gate (formerly known as the All India War Memorial) is the national monument of India, located in New Delhi. It is a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in between 1914 and 1999 in the first World War. Its chief architect was Edwin Lutyens. It is similar to that, of French war memorial Arc de Triomphe.

Answer 155

Ans : (d) National Flag of India is a rectangular flag consisting of deep saffron, white and green colours with a 24 spoke wheel (the Ashoka Chakra) in navy blue at its centre.

Answer 156

Ans. (d) : The ratio of length to that of width should be 3 : 2

Answer 157

Ans :(b) The wheel in the National Flag represents Truth.

Answer 158

Ans : (c) Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is the national flower of India It is a sacred flower and occupies a unique position. It is an auspicious symbol of Indian culture since time immemorial

Answer 159

Ans : (d) The National Anthem of India is Jana-gana- mana composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore. It was adopted in its hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.

Answer 160

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question

Answer 161

Ans : (b) The national song of India 'Vande Matram' has been taken from a novel of Bankim Chandra Chatterji named 'Anandamath'. It was adopted as National Song on 26th January, 1950. It was first sung in 1896 during Calcutta Session of Indian National Congress.

Answer 162

Ans. (a) : The National Anthem of India was adopted on 24th January 1950.

Answer 163

Ans. (a) : The 71st Amendment, enacted in 1992, added Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali languages to the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, recognizing them as official languages of India. • The amendment was a significant step towards linguistic inclusivity, acknowledging the cultural and linguistic diversity of India and granting official status to these languages. • Article 343(1) of a Indian constitution, on the other hand, states explicitly that “the primary language of Union will be Hindi on Devanagari script.” • In addition towards the main languages, the constitution recognises 22 regional languages as scheduled languages, which also include Hindi and not English.

Answer 164

Ans. (c) : Article 343 of the Indian Constitution recognizes Hindi in Devanagari script as the Official Language of the Union Article 343 or 343 (1) refers to Hindi as the official language of the Government of India and the script used for it is the Devanagari script. Devanagari’s script is based on the ancient Brahmi script. • According to Article 344 of the Constitution, the first Official Language Commission was constituted in 1955. • By Dr Rajendra Prasad (President of India). • B.G. Kher became the chairperson of the Official language commission.

Answer 165

Ans. (b) : Article 343 of Indian Constitution Hindi is declared as the official language. Article 343 (1) of the Indian Constitution specifically mentions that, "The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. English is allowed to be used in official purpose such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the central government and a state government.

Answer 166

Ans : (c) Article 343 to 351 under Part XVII of the Constitution of India deals with the provisions of official language. Article 343 is about official language of Union and according to this article it shall be Hindi in Devanagri script.

Answer 167

ns : (b) Article 343 (1) of the Indian Constitution clearly mentions that "the official language of the union shall be Hindi in Devanagari Script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the union shall be the international form of Indian numerals' "There are 22 languages that have been recognized in the eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution as follows– (1) Assamese (2) Bengali (3) Gujarati (4) Hindi (5) Kannada (6) Kashmiri (7) Konkani (8) Malayalam (9) Manipuri (10) Marathi (11) Nepali (12) Oriya (13) Punjabi (14) Sanskrit (15) Sindhi (16) Tamil (17) Telugu (18) Urdu (19) Bodo (20) Santhali (21) Maithili (22) Dogri. .................Of these languages 14 were initially included in the constitution, Sindhi language was added in 1967 by 21st Constitutional Amendment Act. There after three more languages Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali added in 1992 by 71st Constitutional Amendment Act. Subsequently Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added 2003 by 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act.

Answer 168

Ans. (b) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 169

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 170

Ans : (d) Dogri is primarily spoken in Jammu and Kashmir. It is an Indo–Aryan, Indo–European language. It is mainly spoken in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and also in Northern Punjab. Dogri was added in Eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution in 2003 by 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act.

Answer 171

Ans. (c) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 172

Ans. (d) : The article 347 of the Indian Constitution contains several special provisions that are related with language spoken in a particular section of the population

Answer 173

Ans : (c) Maithili language is native to the Indian subcontinent mainly spoken in India and Nepal. In India it is spoken in the states of Bihar and Jharkhand. It is one of the 22 recognized Indian languages.

Answer 174

Ans. (a) : The Clause (1) of the Article 343 of the Indian Constitution declares Hindi as the official language of the Union and it must be in Devanagri script and numeral used must be in international form of Indian numerals.

Answer 175

Ans. (a) : Morris Jones defined it as ‘Bargaining Federalism’. • ‘Federalism with Centralizing tendency’ by Ivor Jenning. • KC Wheare described it as “Quasi federalism”. • Granville Austin called it “Cooperative federalism” (need for national integrity and unity). • Unitary bias (dominance of centre in financial powers, central grants, Niti Aayog).

Answer 176

Ans. (a) : The State Advocate General is the first law officer of the State Government. He/She advises the state government upon legal matters and performs legal duties as assigned to him/her by the Governor. The State Advocate General is appointed by the Governor. • Article 165 of the constitution talks about the Advocate General of states

Answer 177

Ans. (c) : None of the Above” (or NOTA) has been provided as an option in 2013. The ‘None of the Above’ option, simply put, gives the voter the right to express a negative opinion by not selecting any of the candidates in the fray. • The first time it was used was during the Assembly elections held in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Mizoram and Delhi.

Answer 178

Ans. (b) : In May 2023, the Supreme Court of India used Article 142(1) of the Indian Constitution to grant couples the right to divorce based on ‘irretrievable breakdown of marriage’. • Article 142(1) of the Indian Constitution reads, “The Supreme Court in the exercise of its jurisdiction may pass such decree or make such order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it.

Answer 179

Ans. (c) : Right to Information (RTI),2005, is an act set up by the Parliament of India that frames the procedures and rules for the right to information to the citizen. • RTI has replaced the Freedom of information act, 2002.

Answer 180

Ans. (b) : The RTI Act was passed by the central government in 2005. The rights of citizens to access information held by public authorities is safeguarded by Article 19 of Indian constitution

Answer 181

Ans. (a) : In the Minerva Mill case (1980), the Supreme court provided key clarifications on the interpretation of the basic structure doctrine. In this case he opined constitution of India is founded on the bedrock of the balance between the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy

Answer 182

Ans. (c) : The Constitution (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) Order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2022 was passed by the Indian Parliament. It Is specifically related to the state of Uttar Pradesh. The bill modifies the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) (Uttar Pradesh) Order, 1967, both of which enumerate the communities recognized as Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs).

Answer 183

Ans. (a) : The constitution (Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Second Amendment) Bill, 2023 has recognised the Gonds Community as schedule Tribe in some parts of Uttar Pradesh

Answer 184

Ans. (b) : The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2022 has included the Narikoravan and Kurivikaran communities in the list of Scheduled Tribes of Tamil Nadu state

Answer 185

Ans. (c) : The National Anti-Doping Bill, 2021 is legislation that aims to promote fair play and sportsmanship by preventing the use of performance- enhancing drugs in sports. The Bill will establish a National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) to oversee and implement anti-doping measures in India. NADA will be responsible for conducting doping tests, investigating violations, and imposing sanctions on athletes who are found to have used banned substances.

Answer 186

Ans. (b) : The Ministry of Ministry of Earth Sciences is responsible for the implementation of the Indian Antarctic Act, 2022

Answer 187

Ans. (c) : The Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) was passed by the Indian Parliament on December 11, 2019. • The Citizenship Amendment Bill (CAA Bill) was first introduced in 2016 in Lok Sabha for amending the Citizenship Act of 1955. The Citizenship (Amendment) Act (CAA) 2019: It amends the Citizenship Act of 1955 to grant citizenship to six non-Muslim populations (Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, and Christians) who entered India illegally on or before December 31, 2014, on the basis of their faith. These communities should be from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. • The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) on March 11 notified the Citizenship Amendment.

Answer 188

Ans. (a) : Nongthombam Biren Singh became the first Chief Minister of Manipur, belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He is a former football player and journalist who joined politics in 2002. He was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) before joining the BJP in 2016.

Answer 189

Ans. (c) : The Prohibition of Child Marriage (Amendment) Bill 2021, which seeks to enhance the legal minimum age of marriage of a girl from 18 to 21 across all religions was introduced in the Lok Sabha amid protests by the Opposition members on 21 Dec 2021.

Answer 190

Ans. (a) : For a cognizable offence, the police directly take cognizance of the crime and also do not need the approval of the court. In cognizable, the police can arrest a person without any warrant. Cognizable offences include murder, rape, theft, kidnapping, counterfeiting, etc.

Answer 191

Ans. (a) : e EVMs were first used in 1982 in the by- election to North Paravur Assembly Constituency in Kerala. • Electronic voting machines have been used in all general elections of India since 2014. The EVM’s were used first time in the general election to the assembly of Goa in 1999. The industrial designers of the EVM’s were faculty members at the Industrial Design Centre, IIT Bombay. EVMs were commissioned in 1989 by the Election Commission of India in collaboration with Bharat Electronics and Electronics Corporation of India Limited.

Answer 192

Ans. (c) : The Family Courts (Amendment) Bill was introduced in Lok Sabha on July 18, 2022. The Bill amends the Family Courts Act, 1984. The Act allows state governments to establish Family Courts. The central government is empowered to notify dates for the Act to come into force in different states. It allows all states to establish family courts.

Answer 193

Ans. (c) : The Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2021 was approved by the president on August 13, 2021, and it makes changes to the Finance Act of 2012 and the Income Tax Act, of 1961. • The Income Tax Act of 1961 governs income tax collection in India. It specifies how income tax will be levied, administered, collected, and recovered. • In order to replace the Income Tax Act of 1961 and the Wealth Tax Act of 1957, the Government of India introduced a draught bill known as the “Direct Taxes Code.”

Answer 194

Ans. (d) : As of 2022, there are 8 Union Territories in India. • The Merger of Union Territories: The Union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu were combined as one single union territory on 26th January 2020. • Creation of new Union Territories: Ladakh was separated from Jammu and Kashmir and created as a separate Union Territory.

Answer 195

Ans. (a) : The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, today has approved the extension of the tenure of the National Commission for Safai Karamcharis (NCSK) for three years beyond 31.3. 2022. The total implication of the extension for three years would be approximately Rs. 43.68 crore

Answer 196

Ans. (d): The Constitution of India establishes a parliamentary system of government both at the Central and in the States.

Answer 197

Ans. (b) : The consumer Protection Act provides for a Three tier consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies in India. The historic Consumer Protection Act, passed by the Indian Parliament in 1986, is a significant piece of socio-economic law that aims to promote public welfare by allowing consumers to engage directly in the market.

Answer 198

Ans. (c) : The Central Universities (Amendment) Bill seeks to establish the Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya in Vadodara, Gujarat by converting the National Rail and Transportation Institute into a central university. The gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya will focus on research and education in the fields of transportation, logistics, and allied areas.

Answer 199

Ans. (c) : Dr. Manoj Soni, who was appointed as the chairman of UPSC on 5 April, 2022. He is a former Vice Chancellor of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University and has also served as a member of the Gujarat Public Service Commission. • Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) is a constitutional body responsible for conducting civil services examinations and selecting candidates for various government posts.

Answer 200

Ans. (d) : Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Amendment Bill 2022:- The Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery Systems (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Amendment Bill 2022 was amended on 6th August 2022. The Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on April 5, 2022, and was passed by both houses of Parliament with a voice vote.

Answer 201

Ans. (a) : In the case of Devilal v. State of Madhya Pradesh in February 2021, the Indian Supreme Court ruled that if an accused claims to be a juvenile (under 18 years of age) and above 16 years at the time of occurrence of the incident, then the matter must be examined by the Juvenile Justice Board, even if the claim arises after charges have been framed or during the course of a trial.

Answer 202

Ans. (a) : As of July 2022, approximately 28.96 crore unorganized sector workers are registered on the e- Shram portal. This number is constantly increasing, as the government is encouraging more and more workers to register on the portal.

Answer 203

Ans. (c) : The Dowry Prohibition Act was passed in India in 1961. • The Act prohibits the giving or taking of dowry in India and provides penalties for offenders. • The Act was enacted to curb the practice of dowry, which is a social evil in India that has resulted in the exploitation and harassment of women.

Answer 204

Ans. (a) : The Direct Taxes Code Bill was introduced in the Indian Parliament in 2010. This bill replaces the Income Tax Act 1961 and the Wealth Tax Act, 1957.

Answer 205

Ans. (d) : NCRB stands for National Crime Records Bureau. • It is a government agency in India that is responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data as well as providing support to law enforcement agencies across the country. • The NCRB was established in 1986 under the Ministry of Home Affairs and is headquartered in New Delhi.

Answer 206

Ans. (a) : We celebrate 'Samvidhan Divas' on 26th January every year, to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India.

Answer 207

Ans. (c) Nepali is one of the languages in which the denomination is printed on the reverse of a contemporary Indian currency note

Answer 208

Ans : (d) According to Hindu Succession Act, 1956, if a Hindu woman dies intestate then her husband has the first right over her property.

Answer 209

Ans. (b) The Dowry Prohibition Act passed in India in 1961.

Answer 210

Ans. (b) The States Reorganisation Act was enacted on 31 August 1956. The States Reorganisation Commission headed by Justice Fazal Ali, was appointed by GoI in 1953.

Answer 211

Ans. (b) An amendment to the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 was passed in the year 2005.

Answer 212

Ans. (a) Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 is a comprehensive law to provide for the protection of children from sexual offences like sexual assault, sexual harassment and pornography.

Answer 213

Ans. (d) The Hindu Marriage Act was enacted in the year 1955

Answer 214

Ans. (d) Protection of women from Domestic violence Act was passed in the year 2005.

Answer 215

Ans. (a) : The polity of a country is designed according to its constitution and any change to the polity is possible only when an amendment is made. The Constitution of India is the backbone of democracy in our country. It is an umbrella of rights that gives the citizens an assurance of a free and fair society. The Constituent Assembly adopted the constitution on 26 November 1949 and it came into effect on 26 January 1950.

Answer 216

Ans. (b) : Arya Rajendran S. is an Indian Politician who currently serves as the Mayor of the Thiruvananthpuram Corporation. She was elected from Mudavanmukal ward, belonging to Nemom Assembly Constituency from Communist Party of India Marxist at the age of 21 and was appointed as the Mayor of the Corporation which made her the youngest Mayor in the country.

Answer 217

Ans. (c) : Manipur was the first part of India to hold an election in Manipur held in June 1948 to stay as constitutional Monarchy. Maharaja of Manipur Bodhchandra Singh signed the Instrument of Accession with the Indian government on the assurance that the internal autonomy of Manipur would be maintained.

Answer 218

Ans. (c) : The Madhya Pradesh State government recently approved the Religious Freedom Bill, 2020. Under the bill, force religious conversion will attract fine of ` 25000 and one to five years of imprisonment. The bill is also known as Anti-Love Jihad bill. The conversion of person from one religion to another on the basis of threats, marriage force and conspirancy has been macle punishable

Answer 219

Ans. (a) : The justice of Bangladesh is the chief amongst the judges of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, and also head of the whole judicial establishments, including subordinate courts, The Chief Justice is appointed by the President of Bangladesh. Syed Mahmud Hossain (born 31 December 1954) is the 22nd and current Chief Justice of Bangladesh.

Answer 220

Ans. (d) : In 1978 a new constitution was adopted in Sri Lanka creating the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka.

Answer 221

Ans. (c) : Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed.

Answer 222

Ans. (b) : Nepal adopted the first democratic constitution in September 2015. The constitution established Nepal as a secular and federal democratic republic with a bicameral parliament. The executive rights are vested in the Council of Ministers which is headed by Prime Minister. At present President of Nepal is Bidhya Devi Bhandari and Prime Minister is Sher Bahadur Deuba.

Answer 223

Ans. (b) : Article 371 H of the Constitution provides the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the state and in discharge of his function in relation thereto. Article 371 I → The Legislative Assembly of the state of Goa must consist of not less than 30 members

Answer 224

Ans. (a) : First Indian to be elected to the British House of Commons was Dadabhai Naoroji. He contested on the ticket of Liberal Party. He was also known as "Grand Old Man of India" and "Unofficial Ambassador of India". He authored book, 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' brought attention to his theory of the India "Wealth Drain" into Britain.

Answer 225

Ans. (a) : There are many abbreviation used in the text of the Constitution of India. Some of them are given below: Art., arts. ......... for Article, articles. Cl., Cls............. Clause, clauses C.O. ............ Constitution Order. Ins. ........... Inserted. P., PP. ........... Page, Pages Pt. ............ Part Rep. ......... Repealed Sec., ss. ........... Section, sections. Sch. .............. Schedule Subs. ........... Substituted. w.e.f. ........... with effect from.

Answer 226

Ans. (b) : The state of Arunachal Pradesh was previously known as North-East Frontier Agency. On 20 January 1972. It became the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh and on 20 February 1987, it got the status of state of India.

Answer 227

Ans. (a) : On 19 February 1999, the then Indian PM Atal Bihar Vajpayee reached at Lahore with bus to sign the Lahore Declaration with Pakistani PM Nawaz Sharif. In August 2019, Pakistan called off for the service due to Kashmir issue.

Answer 228

Ans. (c) : The Rashtrapati Bhavan's construction was completed in 1929 and its chief architect was Sir Edwin Lutyens.

Answer 229

Ans : (c) India follows representative democracy that is also known as indirect democracy. It is a type of democracy founded on the principles of elected officials representing a group of people as opposed to direct democracy. Simply but a representative democracy is a system of government in which all eligible citizens vote on representatives to pass laws for them. In this form of government, each citizen must have one vote.

Answer 230

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 231

Ans. (d) : See the explanation of above question.

Answer 232

Ans : (b) The national bird of China is red crowned crane. Its also called Japanese crane. Coutry Animal/Bird Australia Kangaroo Japan Ibis New Zealand Kiwi India Tiger/Peacock Canada Eagle.

Answer 233

Ans : (b) Bicameral legislature is a legislature with two houses or chambers. One is called lower house and second as upper house of legislature. Indian parliament is a bicameral legislature consisting of lower house and upper house i.e Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha respectively.

Answer 234

Ans : (d) Proportional representation system is a system which is used to form government. In this type of govenment every party gets seat in the legislative in proportion to the percentage of votes that it gets

Answer 235

Ans : (c) 'First Past the Post' electoral system refers to the system in which the candidate secures the most number of votes. This system is prevalent in Countries such as Canada, USA, UK and India. It is borrowed from British Constitution

Answer 236

Ans : (b) The first past the post (FPTP) system is also known as the simple majority system. In this voting method voters cast their vote for a candidate of their choice. The candidate with the highest number of votes in a constituency is declared the winner irrespective of vote share this system is used in state legislative assemblies.

Answer 237

Ans. (b) : Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram are protected by the Inner Line Permit (ILP). Inner line concept has its origins in the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation Act, 1973. The Inner Line Permit is a document required by the citizens outside of the protected states to enter and stay in the area for some time. An ILP is also required for entering into Island territory Lakshadweep.

Answer 238

Ans. (b) : From the statement of Abraham Lincoln "Democracy is a government of the people by the people and for the people". We may clearly understand that here the ruler/leader will be decided/elected by its people

Answer 239

Ans : (a) Building of the Parliament of India is called 'Sansad Bhavan'. It is located in New Delhi. It is a circular building designed by British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker in 1912-1913

Answer 240

Ans : (c) See the explanation of above question.

Answer 241

Ans : (c) The Indian Constitution is the highest/ supreme law on this indigenous land. Usually it depicts the relationship between government and its people. Also it is a detailed description of system, right, duties of government and citizens

Answer 242

Ans. (a) : Lokpal and Lokayukta Bill, 2013 has created Lokpal for central Government and Lokayukta Institution for State Government. Lokpal is appointed by the President and The Lokayukta is appointed by the Governor. These institutions are independent. The jurisdiction of the Lokpal is the entire India. Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose is the current Lokpal of India.

Answer 243

Ans. (b) NRC stands for National Register of Citizens. NRC is a list of Assam's residents prepared to identify bonafide residents and deport illegal migrants of North eastern states bordering Bangladesh.

Answer 244

Ans. (b) : Rule of law, the mechanism, process, institution practice or norm that support the equality of all citizens before the law. Article 14 of the Constitution states that all citizens are equal before the law.

Answer 245

Ans. (d) : The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, was introduced in Lok Sabha in 2019 and was passed by the parliament of India on 11 December, 2019. It amended the Citizenship Act, 1955 by providing a pathway to Indian citizenship for persecuted religious minorities from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis or Christian and arrived in India before the end of December 2014.

Answer 246

Ans. (c) : The state inevitably has to do some work to maintain its existence: like security, money and banking system, collecting tax, judiciary system, conducting foreign relations while arranging entertainment comes under the state's volunteer work

Answer 247

Ans. (b) : 'Political independence without economic equality is an illusion' this statement is of G.D.H. Cole.

Answer 248

Ans. (c) : "Principles of administration as myths and proverbs" rejected by Herbert Alexander Simon

Answer 249

Ans. (d) : Universal Declaration of Human Rights was made in the United Nations on 2nd December1948. This includes the right to education and right to food and the right to equal access to public services.

Answer 250

Ans. (b) : Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru convened National Integration Conference in 1961 to find way and means to combat the evils of communalism, casteism, regionalism, linguism and narrow mindness and to formulate definite conclusions in order to give a lead to the country.

Answer 251

Ans. (a) : "The state is every where it leaves hardly a gap" this statement explains the concept of welfare state. Welfare state is the concept of governance in which the state plays an important role in the economic and social advancement of citizens

Answer 252

Ans. (c) : Governance can be defined as the process of decision making and the process by which decision are implemented. According to the World Bank, the characteristics of good governance are (1) voice & accountability (2) political stability (3) lack of violence. (4) Government effectiveness (5) regular quality (6) rule of law (7) control of corruption

Answer 253

Ans. (c) : The idea of creation of zonal council was first of all introduced by the first Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru in 1956. The Zonal Council have been established by the State Reorganization Act, 1956. In India at present there are 6 zonal council.

Answer 254

Ans. (c) : The concept of political sovereignty was advocated by Rousseau. Rousseau was a great philosophical thinker from Switzerland. He was born in 1712 (Geneva). Rousseau's famous composition are (1) The Social Contract 1762 (2) Dialogue.

Answer 255

Ans. (b) : "A good citizen makes a good state and a bad citizen makes a bad state, it was said by famous Greek Philosopher Aristotle.

Answer 256

Ans : (b) A Parliamentary form of government is a form of government in which the executive drives its power from the legislature and is accountable or responsible to the parliament

Answer 257

Ans : (b) Parliamentary form of government is a form of constitutional democracy in which the executive drives its power from the legislature and is accountable or responsible to the parliament.

Answer 258

Ans : (d) The All India Services comprises of the three prestigious Civil Services of India and they are the Indian Administrative Services. (IAS) Indian Police Service (IPS) and Indian Forest Service (IFS). The common exceptional feature of the All India Services is that the candidates selected for these civil services are recruited by the centre (union government in federal polity) however their services are allotted under various state cadres and they have the accountability to serve both under the state and the centre.

Answer 259

Ans : (c) Privilege motion is concerned with the breach of parliamentary privileges by a minister. It is moved by a member when he feels that a minister has committed a breach of privilege of the house or one or more of its members by with holding facts of a case or by giving wrong or distorted facts. Its purpose is to censure the concerned minister

Answer 260

Ans : (a) Political science is a science of political engineering. It is the scientific study of politics. It deals with systems of governance and power and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, political behaviour and associated constitutions and laws.

Answer 261

Ans : (d) The state has four essential elements. These are (1) Population (2) Territory (3) Government (4) Sovereignty

Answer 262

Ans : (c) Theocracy is a form of government in which priests rule in the name of god. It is a government by divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided.

Answer 263

Ans : (c) Look East Policy of India was launched in 1991 by the Government of India led by the former Prime Minister P.V Narasimha Rao. The objective was to develop political, economic and security co- operation with countries in South East Asia. India wanted to act as a counter weight to China in South East Asia.

Answer 264

Ans : (d) Since India's Independence on 15 August 1947 as on 2019 in the 17th general elections since Independence, Indian National Congress has been majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition as further three times thus heading the control government for more than 49 years INC was founded in 1885.

Answer 265

Ans : (c) The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution of any country in the world with 146, 385 words in its English language version. The US Constitution has only 4543 words.

Answer 266

Ans : (d) Constitution of India is the longest written constitution. Originally it had 22 Parts, 395 Articles and 8 Schedules

Answer 267

Ans : (c) The Lokpal Bill is an anti corruption bill drafted to control corruption by ministers and high level officials. The basic idea of the Lokpal is borrowed from the office of Ombudsman in Scandinavian (Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway) countries. The office of the Ombudsman originated in Sweden in 1809 A.D. Ombudsman is a Swedish word and refers to an official whose job is to investigate complaints from the public against government officers. Justice P.C. Ghose is the current Lokpal of India.

Answer 268

Ans : (b) Rashtrapati Bhawan formerly known as "Viceroy's house, is the official residence of President of India located in New Delhi". Its Chief Architect was Edwin Landseer Lutyens. Its construction was started in 1912 and it was completed in 1929 during the Viceroy 'Lord Irwin'.

Answer 269

Ans : (d) The original Constitution of India was not typed or printed but written in beautiful calligraphy by Prem Behari Narain Raizada. The document is now preserved in a special helium filled case in library of Parliament. It took nearly 5 years to publish and it was published in Dehradun.

Answer 270

Ans : (c) The Constitution of India provides for a parliamentary form of government both at the centre and in the states that has been borrowed from the United Kingdom. The parliamentary government is also known as cabinet government or responsible government or Westminster model of government and is prevalent in Japan, Canada, among others.

Answer 271

Ans : (a) Air India One (also referred as AI –1 or AIC 001) is the call sign of the aircraft with the President, Vice President or Prime Minister of India on board.

Answer 272

Ans : (c) USA, United States of America is the first country to make constitution. The US Constitution is made of seven articles, a Preamble and a closing endorsement. In addition, the constitution has a bill of Rights and Several amendments. The US Constitution was adopted by a convention of the states on 17 September 1787 and was subsequently ratified by several states. Ratification was completed on 21st June 1788. It is also the shortest constitution of world.

Answer 273

Ans : (c) The Constitution of India came into force on 26th January 1950. At the time of its adoption the constitution contained 395 articles, 22 Parts and 8 Schedules which comprised of approx 80,000 words in its English language version.

Answer 274

Ans : (b) A state in which supreme power is held by people and their elected representatives and which has an elected head of state is said to be a republic state India is a republic state or country.

Answer 275

Ans : (c) 'Oligarchy' is a government by few. In this form of power structure a small group exercises power which controls and run a particular country or organization.

Answer 276

Ans : (b) England is the creator of 'Modern Democracy'. In the year 1215, King of England signed on the document of citizens rights called Magna Carta.

Answer 277

Ans : (c) The Greek viewed politics on the basis of ethical term. Greek believed in a highly ethical society with high dependence on moral, values, ethics and customs

Answer 278

Ans : (d) Democracy is a type of government by the people in which supreme power is vested in people and exercised directly or indirectly by them. India, USA and Norway are considered as democracies. China is a communist country where power is centralized to one ruling party.

Answer 279

Ans : (d) In parliamentary type of government, the Prime Minister and its council of Ministers are responsible for legislature.

Answer 280

Ans. (c) : The Federalism institute is usually demarcated into two levels. At first level the government is of centre which usually governs over the issues of national importance. The second level is of state or provincial government which looks over the matters of regional importance. Both the governments work independently on both tiers

Answer 281

Ans. (a) : The National Board for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises was constituted on 15th May 2007, its meeting occurs every third month.

Answer 282

Ans : (a) The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 is an act of the parliament of India

Answer 283

Ans : (a) The University Grants Commission is a statutory body of Indian government constituted in accordance with UGC Act, 1956 under Ministry of Education. It has been given the responsibility of coordination determination and maintenance of standards of higher education. Its headquarters is in New Delhi

Answer 284

Ans. (b) : The electoral seats in India are divided on the basis of population hence more populous states gets more representatives.

Answer 285

Ans. (a) : Democracy is considered superior to dictatorship just because it adds up the dignity and integrity of the individual. So as for as democracy is concerned, it appears to be best for public, as they will have their choice to choose their representative

Answer 286

ns. (c) : According to Article 1 of the Indian Constitution India will also be known as "Bharat"

Answer 287

Ans. (b) : The Indian Constitution reserved bicameral legislature. It is believed that the bicameral legislature helps in maintaining the equality in representation.

Answer 288

Ans. (b) : Democracy is a form of government where representatives are elected by people and they take final decisions for people's betterment hence in such system final decision-making power lies with elected representatives.

Answer 289

Ans : (a) In the given options only democratic government may have such free and fair provision. Other forms of governments may refuse to have such bond

Answer 290

Ans. (a) : The "Panchasheel Agreement" was signed on 29th April 1954 between India & Republic of China. It was all about five principles of peaceful coexistence.

Answer 291

Ans : (b) The Panchsheel Pact or five principles of peaceful coexistence was formally signed on 28 April 1954 between India and China. The agreement was signed between the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and China's first Premier Zhou En-Lai. The five principles of Panchsheel Pact are. 1. Peaceful co-existence 2. Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty 3. Mutual non-interference 4. Mutual non-aggression 5. equality and mutual benefit.

Answer 292

Ans : (d) General K.M. Cariappa was the first commander in chief of the Indian army. He was retired on 14th January 1953. So onward 14th January is celebrated as "Armed Forces Veterans Day"

Answer 293

Ans : (c) In Sri Lanka a Member of Parliament (MP) is the title given to any one of the 225 individuals elected or appointed to serve in the Parliament of Sri Lanka. The 225 Members, 196 are elected from 22 electoral districts, which are multi-member. The remaining 29 MPs are elected from National Lists allocated to the Parties (and independent groups) in proportion to their share of the national vote.

Answer 294

Ans : (c) The Sri Lankan Parliament consists of 225 members. Sri Lanka has accepted the form of unicameral legislature. In such conditions, the member of Parliament are chosen on the basis of proportional representation system, for a tenure of 5 years.

Answer 295

Ans. (b): During the tenure of prime minister Indira Gandhi swarn Singh committee was formed. She was the first female prime minister of India and the second with the longest tenure. She joined as a member of the Congress’s Working Committee in 1955. She declared the nationalization of banks in India on July 19, 1969. She was instrumental in the enactment of the 26th Amendment to the Indian Constitution, which abolished the Privy Purse and nullified Articles 291 and 362. She took a strong decision to stand by the Bangladeshi people throughout the Liberation War. She was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1972.

Answer 296

Ans. (c) : Article 43B deals with the promotion of cooperative societies. The State shall endeavor to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of cooperative societies. [Article 43B Inserted by the 97th Constitution Amendment Act, 2011

Answer 297

Ans. (c) : The objective of the government scheme, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana is to provide crop insurance services to the farmers. Such government efforts are in violation of the Directive Principles of the Indian Constitution come under Article 48. • Article 48- According to this, the state will try to organize agriculture and animal husbandry through modern and scientific system

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