Population

Question 1

why ppl moved

Answer 1

• rise of budget airlines means its easy for ppl to maintain links with families
• uk is an eng speaking country, and eng is taught as secondary lang in all polish skls
• avg salary in poland less than UK, so ppl looked for higher salaries to improve quality of life, e.g. better housing
• poland joined EU in 2004 so easier to travel = UK one of first countries to open uo to new EU embers
• scotland and pland have linked history bc ww2 so ppl may have heard abt it from relatives
• mechanisation removes indsutrial/agri jobs = high unemployment rates

Question 2

impacts on the UK

Answer 2

• polish were 4th highest nationality in the NHS, also work in construction etc
• this is reffered to as brain gain as increase in skilled workers
• more polish food in UK supermarkets
• more demand for resources eg housing and NHS
• negative perceptions abt migrants can undermine community cohesion
• economically active migrants generate tax revenue to fund public services eg pensions

Question 3

impacts on poland

Answer 3

• struggles in families after ppl move away = divorces. trauma for kids etc
• brain drain = businesses say lack of skilled workers is biggest barrier to profit
• ppl send remittances back to poland = more money for the economy there
• ppl return from the UK w/ better skills = can better polish workforce
• less economically active ppl means less funds for pensions and public services
• overall lower pop less demand for public services so quality improves

Question 4

data collection methods

Answer 4

• carried out 10 yrs w/ legal obligation for household to do
• asks questions of age, gender, employment etc of ppl in household
• civil registration contains marriage, death and birth records and has to be updated 21 w/in the event
• parital enumeration when full enumeration cant be carried out
• e.g. NRS randomly sample ppl using royal mail addresses to fill in a census
• may want migration data, so visas are checked

Question 5

issues collecting data

Answer 5

• low literacy rates leads to inaccuracies when filling out form, e.g. Chad w/ 22% literacy rate
• multi-lingual countries is time-consuming and costly to translate census and find fluent census takers, e.g. Zimbabwae w/ 16 langs
• where conflict occurs it is dangerous for enumerators and large-scale pop displacements
• nomadic pops that move over borders could be counted twice
• diff to traverse some terrain e.g. forests, bc bad infrastructure
• its spenny to do census, which developing countries might want to invest elsewhere, e.g. healthcare
• if gov revenue is affected by pop figs there may be reason to inflate
• if war is occuring money may be diverted to military instead
• physical barriers eg checkpoints ake it difficult to access pops

Question 6

consequences of an aeging pop

Answer 6

• financial pressure to increase pensions funds
• less economically active ppl = increase in taxes
• increase retirement age to increase time in employment and taxes
• immigration may increase bc less economically active = increase tensions between diff groups
• increased costs for prescripptions bc increase in demand, e.g. heart medication
• more ppl in hospital = strain on resources
• no of nursing homes will need to increase = adds strain to preexisting housing issues in tokyo
• old ppl have lots f skills and often take up voluntary positions

Question 7

consequences of a youthful pop

Answer 7

• potential for much larger work force = attracts investment of TNCs
• increase tex revenue for govt to invest
• increase in ppl of childbearing age = increased unemplyent of jobs dont increase at same rate
• more investment into maternal wards and education bc large number of young ppl
• more food = overcultivation and overgrazing = rural land degredation
• if food supplies dont increase = more malnutrition = more susceptible to disease
• poor living conditions bc overcrowding
• deforestation as wood is cut down as fuel for growing pop
• more education of contraception on child birth to slow pop growth