Population

Question 1

Draw and label the Demographic Transition Model.

Provide an example for each section.

Try to explain what is going on in each stage.

Answer 1

Stage 1) High fluctuating - Birth rates and death rates are high, stable population.

Stage 2) Early expanding - Better medical care, clean water and better food supply.

Stage 3) Late expanding - Improved education, better access to contraception and family planning advice. Change in social attitudes.

Stage 4) Low fluctuating - High levels of education, more women entering higher education. Stable population.

Stage 5) Decline - Aging population, more deaths than births.

Question 2

What is Natural Increase?

Answer 2

The difference between the birth rate and death rate.

Question 3

What factors affect population growth?

Answer 3

• Agricultural change - As technology improves, machines take the place of manual labour so it is less important to have a large family.
• Urbanisation - People leave the countryside and move to towns. Children are more likely to go to school and families tend to be smaller.
• Education - As levels of education rise, particularly among women, birth rates fall.
• Women’s status - Countries where women are well-educated and participate in well-paid work usually have a low birth rate.

Question 4

What is Infant Mortality?

Answer 4

The number of babies who die under the age of five years per 1,000 people.

Question 5

What are Young dependants?

Answer 5

Children who are dependent on older, economically active people.

Question 6

What are Elderly dependants?

Answer 6

People who are dependent on younger, economically active people.

Question 7

What is an asylum seeker?

Answer 7

Someone seeking asylum (Safety).

Question 8

What is a refugee?

Answer 8

An accepted asylum seeker.

Question 9

What is a voluntary migrant?

Answer 9

Somebody moving on their own terms.

Question 10

What is forced migration?

Answer 10

Somebody forced to move elsewhere.

Question 11

What does GDP stand for?

Answer 11

Gross Domestic Product.

It is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.

Question 12

Name ways to improve an ageing population.

Answer 12

• Jobs for elderly people e.g) B&Q.
• Increase country taxes.
• Encourage immigration.
• Incentives to having babies.
• Raise pension age/retirement age.
• Cut pensions.

Question 13

Name ways to improve a young population.

Answer 13

• Build more schools - More children with an education, more taxes.
• Improve healthcare - Higher life expectancy, more taxes. However, more invested in healthcare.

Question 14

What are the problems with having a high elderly population?

Answer 14

• Need more care homes.
• Need to pay more pensions, resulting in higher tax for economically active citizens.
• ‘Grey vote’.
• Cost of social activities/leisure.
• Healthcare - Mental health, waiting times, beds, hip replacements.

Question 15

What are the problems with having a high young population?

Answer 15

• Small economically active population.
• School capacity, demand on education.

Question 16

Draw and label the Demographic Transition model and provide Population Pyramids for each stage.

This time, you do not need to explain what is going on in each stage.

Answer 16