static posture vs dynamic posture
static: at rest without anticipated mvmt
dynamic: in action with anticipation of action
8 factors affecting posture
- health
- build
- gender
- strength, flexibility, endurance
- kinesthetic awareness
- personal habits
- work demands
- social/cultural tradition
why can’t infants maintain upright position?
postural reaction still needs to be perfected
upright standing posture is inherently _______ bc the body’s COG is situated _______ above a relatively ______ BOS
unstable; high; small
spinal curvature shape in neonate
C - convex posteriorly
what happens to spinal curvature when infant is able to lift head?
cervical curve reverses to be convex anteriorly
what happens to spinal curvature when toddler is able to sit and stand?
lumbar curve reverses to be convex anteriorly
4 curves of the spine + L/K?
- cervical - lordosis
- thoracic - kyphosis
- lumbar - lordosis
- sacral - kyphosis
spinal ___________ is greatly reduced in elderly
flexibility
what happens to the shape of spine as we age?
reverts back to C shape; cervical curve may increase to keep eyes gazing ahead
2 parts of normal posture
- LOG falls close to joint axes
2. minimal countertorques
4 aspects of normal posture of ankle in sag plane
- neutral position
- LOG falls slightly ant to lat mal
- DF moment
- PF counteract
3 aspects of normal posture of knee in sag plane
- full ext (3-5º flexion)
- LOG ant to knee AOR
- extension moment
4 aspects of normal posture of hip/pelvis in sag plane
- hip in neutral
- pelvis level
- LOG passes posterior to axis of hip jt, thru greater troch
- ext moment leading to post rotation of pelvis
3 aspects of normal posture of LS and SI jts in sag plane
- 30º anterior tilt of sacrum
- LOG passes through body of L5, slightly ant to SIJ
- slight ext moment at L5/S1, opposed by ant long lig
3 aspects of normal posture of head in sag plane
- LOG passes through ext aud meatus
- slightly ant to axis of rotation for flex/ext
- flexion moment, counteracted by ligamentum nuchae
flexed knee posture causes (2)
- hip flexion
2. ankle DF
hyperextended knee posture causes (2)
- stress on post capsule
2. ant fem condyles and tib plateaus subject to increased compression
forward head posture causes (2)
- inc lordotic curve
2. compression of post structures
sway back posture causes (2)
- post pelvic tilt
2. hyperextended hips/knees
consistent lateral deviations of a series of vertebrae from the LOG
scoliosis
how is scoliosis named?
according to direction of convexity and location of curve
