running produces forces ___x BW
2
running is high _________ and high ________
impact and exposure
4 factors leading to running injury
- high forces
- increased exposures
- muscle fatigue
- faulty mechanics
8 phases of running gait
- IC
- absorption
- midstance
- propulsion
- toe off
- initial swing
- midswing
- terminal swing
running stance:swing
35:65
stance/swing ratio is dependent on ______
speed
running toe off occurs _______ 50% gait cycle
before; two periods of double float
walking toe-off occurs ______ 50% gait cycle
after
does walking or running have a higher cycle time?
walking
3 joint kinematic changes in running vs walking
- lower COM
- increased ant trunk lean
- increased joint excursion
when does max hip extension occur in walking/running?
walking: terminal stance
running: early swing
in running, there is increased stance phase ________
DF
80% of recreational runners are ____ strikers
RF
2 increased internal moments during loading response
hip abductor
knee extensor
when are there increased plantarflexor moments seen?
stance
power absorption vs generation in reference to muscles
absorption = eccentric generation = concentric
absorption is followed by a period of ______ which gives runner energy for ____________
generation
forward propulsion
when are muscles most active in running?
prior to and following IC
top 5 running overuse injuries
- patellofemoral pain syndrome
- ITB syndrome
- plantar fasciopathy
- medial tib stress syndrome
- tibial stress fractures
where do PFPS pts feel pain?
around or behind patella
what aggravates PFPS?
WB activity that loads PFJ on a flexed knee
4 factors of PFPS kinematics
- increased hip add
- increased hip IR
- excessive knee valgus
- excessive eversion
anything that causes _______ will increase Q angle
lateral rotation of tibia
in pts with PFPS, there is seen to be strength deficits in these three areas
- abductors
- ERs
- hip extensors
