Posture

Question 1

define posture:

Answer 1

• the position of body parts or regions in relation to each other
• assumed: standing, sitting, lying, squatting
• static position from which motion is initiated

Question 2

good orthostatic erect posture:

Answer 2

• ideal when minimal stress is present on anatomical structures and minimal energy is required to maintain it
• (Kendall et al) placement of centre of gravity (centre of one’s body weight) important for posture
• the more central the centre of gravity is located over the support base the less force and energy is required to maintain posture

Question 3

consequences of poor posture: features

Answer 3

• contribute/ promote musculoskeletal pain -> increase in strain and functional inefficiencies in supporting structures and their associated muscles

Question 4

consequences of poor posture: eg

Answer 4

• low back pain
• neck pain
• headache
• temporomandibular dysfunction
• knee pain
• shoulder pain

Question 5

muscular support systems: list and detail

Answer 5

core:

• back
• abdominals

slings:

• anterior-oblique
• posterior-oblique

Question 6

role of respiration with posture: CAN

Answer 6

• diaphragm (top of CAN)

- pelvic floor (bottom of the CAN)

Question 7

primary muscles of respiration:

Answer 7

• diaphragm

- intercostals

Question 8

accessory muscles of respiration: (4)

Answer 8

• SCM
• Pectoralis minor
• serratus anterior
• scaleni

Question 9

postural analysis: + (4) basic principles

Answer 9

• many healthcare professions do so
• many variables in analyses
• no ‘normal posture’

basic principles:

• COG (midline) alignment
• L/R symmetry
• short muscles approx insertions
• weak muscles separate insertions

Question 10

common postures: lower crossed syndrome

Answer 10

weak:

• abdominals
• gluteus maximus

tight:

• erector spinae
• iliopsoas

Question 11

common postures: upper cross syndrome

Answer 11

weak:

• deep neck flexors
• rhomboids and serratus anterior

tight:

• pectoralis
• trapezius. levator scapula

Question 12

common postures: eg (4)

Answer 12

• ideal alignment
• kyphosis-lordosis
• flat-back
• sway-back